生物化学上册双语.pptxVIP

生物化学上册双语第1页/共68页 2I. IntroductionExistenceFunctions (功能)Definition (定义)Classification (分类)Characteristic chemical features (化学通性)第2页/共68页 31. ExistenceThe most abundant class of organic molecules found in natureWidely distributed in plants and animalsOriginated from photosynthesisBasic composition: C, H, O (N, P, S)Empirical formula: (CH2O)nConstituting a versatile class of moleculesMono-/oligo-/polysaccharides (单糖/寡糖/多糖)Derivatives (衍生物)Glycoconjugates (复合糖)I. IntroductionP.1第3页/共68页 42. FunctionStorage of energy (能量贮存)Structural elements (结构成分)Precursors (前体)/intermediates (中间物) of other biomoleculesCell recognition (细胞识别)I. IntroductionP.1第4页/共68页 53. Definition葡萄糖果糖甘油醛二羟基丙酮Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones (多羟基醛/多羟基酮) or substances that yield such compounds on hydrolysis.第5页/共68页 64. Classification CarbohydrateCompositionsExamplesMonosaccharide(单糖)Simple sugarGlucose (葡萄糖) Fructose (果糖)Oligosaccharide(寡糖)2-20 sugar unitsSucrose (蔗糖)Maltose (麦芽糖)Polysaccharide(多糖)20 sugar unitsStarch (淀粉)Cellulose (纤维素)Three major classes of carbohydratesI. Introduction第6页/共68页 75. Characteristic chemical features (化学通性)Existence of one or more asymmetric centers (不对称中心)Ability to exist either in linear or ring structures (线状或环状结构)Capacity to form polymeric structures via glycosidic bonds (糖苷键连接)Potential to form multiple hydrogen bonds with water or other molecules (形成氢键的能力)I. IntroductionP.2第7页/共68页 8Two families: aldoses ketoses (醛糖和酮糖)Stereochemistry (立体化学)Structures: linear cyclic (线状和环状结构)Properties: physical chemical (物理和化学性质) *optical activity and chirality (光活性和手性)Important monosaccharides and their derivatives (重要的单糖及其衍生物)II. Monosaccharides第8页/共68页 91. Two families: Aldoses ketosesAldoses(醛糖)Ketoses(酮糖)II. Monosaccharides甘油醛二羟丙酮丙糖己糖第9页/共68页 10Plane-polarized light (平面偏振光 )Optical activity (旋光性)Chirality (手性)Fischer projections (Fischer投影式)2. StereochemistryII. Monosaccharides第10页/共68页 11(1) Plane-polarized light (平面偏振光 )Plane-polarized light (平面偏振光