水准测量（英文）.pptVIP

LevelingThe concept of elevation The principle of levelingWhat is the level The main content测量学课件 Absolute elevationGeoid Elevation differenceThe concept of elevation The principle of levelingLeveling is to use a kind of instruments provided by the horizontal line of sight, with the help of the kind with level ruler, measure the elevation difference between two points on the ground, and then according to the known point absolute elevation, and measure the elevation difference, calculate the unknown point elevation.ABabhABForwardGeoidHA（Known）HB=？BackFront The principle of levelingABabhABForwardGeoidHA（Known）HB=？BackFrontElevation Difference： The principle of levelingCalculate the unknown point absolute elevationhABABabForwardGeoidHAHBHB The principle of levelingContinuous leveling In fact, we will often meet these situations:Reason: the relief amplitude is too bigBA The principle of levelingbaStadia distance150mContinuous levelingReason:the stadia distance is too long The principle of levelingContinuous leveling hAB=∑h =h1+h2 + … =(a1 － b1)+(a2 － b2 )+ … = ∑a－∑b∑hABGeoidHB=?ＨA Level LevelThe structure of the level 水准仪The structure of the level LevelTelescopeObjectiveOptical lens EyepieceSight axis上丝下丝中丝竖丝Cross hair LevelCircle BubbleL′L′Circle bubble Level Shoes and Level RulersLevel shoes is made of cast iron. General triangle bracket, the below three feet, can step into the soil. Above the level shoe has a hemisphere, the level ruler on the hemisphere. A ruler has two sides, one side is black and white, its name is main ruler , the other side is red and white, its name is auxiliary ruler.立尺点 Level Shoes and Level Rulers The use of level Keep the level sight line axis horizontalKeep the circle bubble in the middleb312c312 a13 2Bubbles moving direction is consistent with the ?tangent direction of motion of the left thumb. The use of levelRead the scaleUse the middle horizontal hair to catch the number1213111.251m0.717m Leveling in the field ABab