建筑采光和遮阳许鹏.pptxVIP

建筑采光和遮阳许鹏第1页/共44页 2Windows, architecture love them, occupants love them. They are modern, stylish, provide better view, easy to build, easy to maintainWhat is the pain?Public buildingsOfficeResidentialSmall commercials第2页/共44页 3But engineers hate them, regulators do not want them, because they are wasting energyWhat is the pain?Building codes all over the world are using description or energy budget method to regulate the window to wall ratioIn summer, direct solar heat gain accounts for more than 50% of cooling loadIn winter, wall insulation value is about 10 times higher than that of conventional windows. Therefore, buildings in cold climate can only have small windows第3页/共44页 Windows are more important than any other building components in term of energy impactIn cold climate, more than 50% heat loss are through windowsIn hot climate, direct solar heat gain is about 1/3 of cooling loadLighting energy consumption is more than heating and cooling combined in commercial buildingsLow-energy intensity design and windows第4页/共44页 Low-energy intensity design and windowsAir conditioning peak load analysis in summer50% of building envelope load are caused by windowsWindow shading in summer and window insulation in winter are two critical issues第5页/共44页 Year of Built, Government office building built at different yearsEnergy survey resultsYear of builtShang-haiWuhanShen-zhenFuzhouChongqingTotalAverage Annual Electricity Use (kWh/m2）??195040.973.257.11970s or before73.865.872.71980-1990s 125.467.567.570.72000s138.266.853.766.2Unknown62.859.561.1All135.062.859.568.058.666.3Maximum Annual Electricity Use (kWh/m2）?195052.678.278.21970s or before138.487.1138.41980-1990s 125.4128.495.7128.42000s205.0248.2121.5248.2Unknown73.4105.0105.0All205.073.4105.0248.2121.5248.2Minimum Annual Electricity Use (kWh/m2）???195029.268.229.21970s or before15.744.515.71980-1990s 125.421.442.021.42000s104.719.25.15.1Unknown47.330.030.0All104.747.330.015.75.15.1Sample siz or before1