流变学基础课程.pptxVIP

流变学基础课程第1页/共76页第2页/共76页主要内容流变学测量原理流变学定义剪切流动流变测量仪器流变学测量及其应用粘度测量方法流动曲线测量及应用触变性测量及应用屈服应力测量及应用拉伸粘度测量及应用粘弹性粘弹性概念粘弹性测试方法及应用第3页/共76页流变学思想子在川上曰，逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。 《论语. 子罕篇》 孔丘，551BC – 479BC“panta rhei” (Everything flows)Heraclitus赫拉克利特(纪元前五世纪的希腊哲学家)第4页/共76页理想弹性体-Hook‘s Law (1676)?L? F 第5页/共76页理想液体- Newton’s Law （1687）The resistance of which arises from the lack of slipperiness originatingIn a fluid, other things being equal, is proportional to the velocity by whichthe parts of the fluid are being separated from each other. Isaac N. Newton (1687)From Rheology Principles, Measurements, and ApplicationsBy C. W. Macosko, 1994, VCH Publishers, page 65第6页/共76页流变学成为独立的学科-1929THE NAMEThe term deformation and flow of matter is a rather cumbersome one to cover the subjects of elasticity, viscosity and plasticity. There is no single word to cover the field, so the only recourse has been to invent one. The Greek roots to flow and science, already familiar in numerous words such as rheostat and geology, made the term theology appear to be at the same time distinctive and self explanatory.From “RHEOLOGY: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE”，RI.Tanner and K. WaltersEugene Cook Bingham(1878-1945)Rheology: rheo (to flow) + logos (science)第7页/共76页流变学-Rheology流变学是研究材料流动与变形的学科“ the science of deformation and flow ”Rheology: rheo (to flow) + logos (science)第8页/共76页流变学 - What is rheology?“the science of deformation and flow”流动 FLOW测量样品粘度流动的阻力样品稠稀样品是否能被泵送实验方法粘度测量 （Viscometry）变形DEFORMATION材料在流动之前的行为表征粘弹性 VISCOELASTICITY.预测样品性能样品分类样品的稳定性 – 是否发生沉降?实验方法振荡 （Oscillation）蠕变（Creep）,松弛（ Relaxation）第9页/共76页流变学与材料之间的关系材料加工过程产品使用性能材料流变学参数材料配方微观结构第10页/共76页流变学应用非常广泛医药和个人护理品储存时间, 感官知觉, 屈服点, 凝胶强度等食品 Foods口感, 储存稳定性, 烹饪特性, 加工性能, 挤出, 涂抹等陶瓷工业 Ceramics稳定性, 泵送性, 铸件性能石化产品 Petrochemicals润滑剂配方,粘温曲线, 钻井液-悬浮体系泵送性能, 高温高压下的流动性能高分子材料 Plastics and polymers注塑, 挤出, 分子量分布, 分子结构表征, 玻璃化转变温度等涂料、油墨和油漆 Paints, inks and coatings粘辊飞溅, 喷雾, 膜厚度, 管道输运, 垂挂流平, 沉降（储存）粘合剂 Adhesives固化时间和凝胶点, 压敏性能等沥青 Asphalt沥青硬度, 疲劳, 车辙, 低温开裂, SHRP标准测试等第11页/共76页剪切流动测试抽象模型基本概念