生物化学王镜岩糖代谢双语.pptxVIP

生物化学王镜岩糖代谢双语第1页/共142页 Chapter 6   Metabolism of Carbohydrate第2页/共142页 ***概述（Generalization) Carbohydrates 是四大类生物分子之一。它们是多羟基的醛或多羟基的酮。第3页/共142页 ***糖的生理功能(The Functions of Carbohydrates)1. 大多数机体的能源物质，彻底氧化： ?Go = –2840 kJ/mole 2. 产生NADPH 和 ribose-5-P 。3. 可以以多糖 (glycogen or starch) 或转化为fat 进行长期储存。4. 合成其他生物分子（amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, coenzymes and other metabolic intermediates.）第4页/共142页 ***Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism1.糖的无氧酵解（Glycolysis）2.糖的有氧氧化（Aerobic oxidation）3.磷酸戊糖途径（Pentose Phosphate Pathway） 4.糖原的合成与分解 （Glycogen Anabolism and Breakdown）5.糖异生(Gluconeogenesis）第5页/共142页 第一节 糖的无氧分解 （Glycolysis）Glycolysis 是指葡萄糖在无氧条件下分解生成2分子丙酮酸并释放出能量的过程。第6页/共142页 一、糖酵解（EMP）的反应过程糖的无氧酵解（glycolysis)是指葡萄糖在无氧条件下分解生成2分子丙酮酸并释放出能量的过程。第7页/共142页 Reaction place: 胞液(cytoplasm);Final product: 丙酮酸(pyruvate)无氧酵解的反应过程可分为:准备阶段(preparatory phase)（前5步）产能阶段(payoff phase)（后5步）。第8页/共142页 第9页/共142页 Preparatory phase1. Phosphorylation of Glc- by hexokinase- First ATP consumed- activates Glc for subsequent reactions2. Conversion of Glc-6-P to Fructose-6-P- by phosphohexose isomerase= reversible isomerization of aldose to ketose第10页/共142页 3. Phosphorylation of Fructose-6-P to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate - by phosphofructokinase - Second ATP consumedPreparatory phase4. Cleavage of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate - by aldolase= reversible aldol condensation- C-3 - C-4 bond cleaved第11页/共142页 Preparatory phase5. Interconversion of the triose phosphates - by triose phosphate isomerase- only glyceraldehyde-3-P is on the direct pathway of glycolysis第12页/共142页 Payoff phase第13页/共142页 Payoff phase6. Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-P to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate- by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase- first of the two energy-conserving reactions of glycolysis- acyl phosphate has a very high, -ve DG’° of -11.8 Kcal/mol第14页/共142页 Payoff phase7. Phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-bisphosphoglycer