Unit StephenCrane的实用学习课件.pptxVIP

Unit StephenCrane的实用学习课件;I. Historical Background;I. Historical Background;Naturalism （自然主义） It was a term created by French novelist, Emile Zola （埃米尔·左拉）. In studying human life, the Naturalist used the discoveries and knowledge of modern science. He believed that opinions and morality were controlled by social, economic and psychological causes. The Naturalistic writers were philosophical pessimists. They explained that man was the product of social progresses and social evolution. Man was a weak and incompetent animal and man himself could not master his own fate, man was no longer free.;Emile Zola’s theory: 埃米尔·左拉（1840-1902） ;★Ⅱ.Naturalism 自然主义;★Ⅱ.Naturalism自然主义;Ⅱ.Naturalism;Ⅲ.Naturalism: Basic Ideas;Ⅲ.Features of naturalist writing;Ⅲ.Features of naturalist writing;Ⅲ.Features of naturalist writing;Ⅳ.Major Naturalists;Ⅳ.Major Naturalists;Ⅳ.Major Naturalists;Ⅳ.Major Naturalists;Ⅳ.Major Naturalists;Ⅳ.American Naturalism;Stephen Crane;The Life of Stephen Crane ;In 1893, at age 23, he published Maggie：A girl of the streets 《街头女郎麦姬》. Finding a publisher was difficult given the book‘s scandalous （不体面的）content, so Crane ultimately published it himself. The book was a critical success but failed to sell well. ;In 1897, his boat to Cuba sank, and he barely survived. His short story “The Open Boat“《海上扁舟》 is based on his experiences in a lifeboat with the captain and cook. Crane later covered the war between Greece and Turkey, and settled in England, where he made friends with Joseph Conrad, H.G. Wells, and Henry James.;Major works;The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》，1895 : an episode of the American Civil War ;Other works:;★Writing style:;Impressionism（印象主义） Impressionism is a style of painting that gives the impression made by the subject on the artist without much attention to details . Writers accepted the same conviction that the personal attitudes and moods of the writer were legitimate elements in depicting character or setting or action . Briefly, it is a style of l