限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.docx

根据定语从句与先行词的关系， 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性 定语从句。 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词， 主句与从句不用逗号分开， 从句不可省 去；非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去， 意思仍完整。 在以上几个单元我们已经学习了限制性定语从句， 现在把两种从句 作对比学习。 一、 限制性定语从句 关系代词 that 既可代表事物也可代表人， which 只代表事物， 它们在从句 中作主语或宾语。在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 I was the only person in our office that was invited to the palace ba．ll The present tha(t which )I received last week was from my siste．r This is a book which is about space rocket technolog．y 关系代词 who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和 宾语， whom 作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 。如： This is the man who helped me． The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room． whose是关系代词，修饰名词，作定语，相当于 who和whom的所有格， 既可以修饰人又可以修饰物。 如： Do you know the student whose name is Wang Fe？i We lived in a room whose window opens to the west. where是关系副词，用来引导表示地点的定语从句，where在从句中作状 语。如： At last we arrived at a small village where we ll work for a week. when是关系副词，引导定语从句表示时间，在从句中作状语。 注意，表示时间的the time，the day, the moment作先行词，其定语从句引 导词有四种情况： 1)when, 2) in/ on which 3) that 4) 省略。如： By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the day I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities. why 是关系副词，引导定语从句表示原因，在从句中作状语。 关系副词 when, where, why 可以用“介词 + 关系代词”结构代替，但有 两点要注意： 1） 在“介词+关系代词”结构中，不能用that。关系代词指物用which，指 人时用whom，不用who;且which和whom在这个结构中不能省略。如： The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. （正确） The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. 错（ 误 ） 2） 在使用介词 +关系代词引导的定语从句时， 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆 开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如“This is the watch which/that I am looking for.” 不可以改为 “This is the watch for which I am looking.” 二、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明， 通常和主句间用 逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 which 引导的非限定性定语从句，可用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句 的某一部分。如： She heard a terrible nois，e which brought her heart into her mouth． David studies hard and is ready to help other，swhich is what his parents expec．t 在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which 或as代表事物。关系代词作定语时用 whoseo如： He loved his parents deeply, both of w