Section Ⅲ Using language Writing（（新教材）外研版英语必修第三册同步(教师用书+知能演练轻松闯关)Unit 3　The world of science）.docxVIP

Section Ⅲ　Using language Writing 现在完成时的被动语态 一、构成 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？ ◆He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting. 他已被挑选出来参加运动会。 ◆The ink has not been removed from his overcoat. 墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。 ◆Has the date for the next meeting been decided? 下次会议的日期已确定了吗？ ◆How long has the battery not been changed? 电池多久没有更换了？ 二、用法 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just, never, recently等副词连用。 ◆The machine has already been repaired. 机器已经修好了。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。 ◆Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 ◆How long has this film been shown? 这部电影已放映多长时间了？ 3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 ◆You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起 ever since 自那以来 by now 到现在为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 ever 曾经 in recent years 在最近几年里 yet 已经 in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里 already 已经 so far 迄今为止 三、注意事项 1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 ◆His boss has already punished him. →He has already been punished by his boss. 2．带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 ◆The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. →He has been given a chance to work abroad recently by the company. →A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently by the company. eq \a\vs4\al(Ⅰ) 单句语法填空 1．More than 50，000 yuan has been raised(raise) for the poor family since the group was founded. 2．Black Friday has been regarded(regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years. 3．—Have you heard about that fire in the market? —Yes, fortunately no one was hurt(hurt)． 4．Since the early 1990s, a lot of clinics have