高级中学高中英语必修五+Unit+1+grammar+课件.pptxVIP

过去分词作定语和表语 一 过去分词作定语 [例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1. The recovered animals will be released soon.2. We needed much more qualified workers.3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.4. He is a teacher loved by his students.5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.[自我归纳] 1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在___________之前发生，已经完成并具有______意义（见句1）。此时，作定语的过去分词一般是由________动词变来的，因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。________________作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个___________（见句3、句4、句5）。注意1. 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如：fallen leaves落叶；retired workers退休工人；the risen sun升起的太阳。2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town.3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如：Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train.[辨析] 过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别：动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是_______关系，表示动作___________；而过去分词作定语时，则表示________或_______意义。如：Do you know the boy lying under the big tree？The house built 50 years ago was damaged in the earthquake.过去分词作定语答案： [自我归纳] 1. 谓语动作；被动；及物2. 之前；过去分词短语；定语从句3. 主动；正在进行； 被动；完成二、过去分词作表语[例句展示] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。1. The street is lined with small shops.2. Tom was astonished to see his father.[自我归纳]过去分词作表语时，与谓语动词构成___________结构，表示主语的性质、特征和_____。 答案：系表，状态[辨析]1. 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态和特征，而被动语态则表示动作。如： The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.The library is now closed. 2. 过去分词作表语与动词-ing形式作表语的区别：过去分词说明主语的状态，动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的特征。如：She was embarrassed because she didn’t know the answer.Today’s meeting was boring.3. 英语里有许多表示“情绪变化”的动词，如interest, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况，用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如：The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 【即学即练】Keys：I. 1. going 2. required 3. disappointed 4. located 5. boardingII. 1. embarrassing 2. locked3. expected 4. injured 5. balanced 6.