考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷165.pdfVIP

[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷165 Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 0 The first o icial transplant from an animal to a human occurred back in 1682. The recipient was a Russian nobleman with an injured head; a surgeon patched him up with a piece of dog skull. By the late 1800s frog skin grafts were the fashion. One British army surgeon claimed hundreds of successes for severe burns victims and patients with skin ulcers. Xenotransplantation, as such animal-to-human donations are known, has had a surprisingly long history. Unfortunately almost all attempts have been miserable failures. Science only learnt why in the 1940s with the discovery of rejection. When human organs are transferred from person to person, the immune system attacks and destroys what it sees as a foreign substance. When the body part comes from another species the attack is usually even more fierce. The fact is, now there arent enough human donors to satisfy the demand and there will never be. So researchers the world over are seeking ways to get around the rejection reactions for xenotransplants. Many are confident we will eventually perfect the animal-human donation and the organ shortage will be solved for ever. The most likely candidates are pigs. They are roughly the same size as people, so mechanically speaking, their organs should be up to the job. Pigs also have ethical advantages. It could be said, for instance, that chimpanzees should never be used for human transplants; that there is something inherently wrong with killing and harvesting the body parts of a perfectly healthy ape just to keep some elderly, sick person alive. Its hard to make the same argument for pigs: We breed them to eat anyway. Still, there will no doubt be people who feel uneasy about having parts of other species put into people. Personally, the alternative—death—makes me more unea