高中英语教学课件：句子的结构及成分.ppt

句子结构及成分 Company Logo句子结构及成分句子按用途可分四种： 陈述句, 疑问句, 祈使句, 感叹句1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：　He is six years old; 　She didn’t hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：　Do they like skating? 　How old is he? 　Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? Company Logo句子结构及成分3）祈使句：表示命令或者请求. 又叫无主句，主语通常为you,省略.　Be careful, boys; ______? Be careful. or _____./and _____. Don’t talk in class. Ok, I _____. 4）感叹句：how 后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.　How clever the boy is! 　What a clever boy he is! Company Logo句子结构及成分简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. Company Logo句子结构及成分2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。注意:逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. Company Logo句子结构及成分表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, 等连接。 e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. Company Logo句子结构及成分3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Company Logo句子结构及成分3）复合句：　当一个简单句为另外一个句子的一个成分时，整个句子就成为复合句了。复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构。复合句包含：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等。His idea is wrong. （简单句） What he said is wrong. (复合句）。The boy over there is my brother. （简单句）The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（复合句。）I was doing my homework at six. （简单句）I was doing my homework when he came in.（复合句。) Company Logo句子结构及成分考点： 一个句子中有两个主谓结构时，要用连接词，变为并列句或复合句。是并列句时要有and, so, but,等并列连词或用分号。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的。如：I like English, my English is very good.×I like English and/so my English is