国际贸易英文课件：CH2-classical-international-trade-theory.pptVIP

Part 1 International Trade TheoryPart One (2-5) deals with international trade theory. It starts with the explanation of the important theory of comparative advantage in Chapter 2. The H-O theory of international trade and results of empirical tests of the theory are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 examines important new trade theories, which base trade on economies of scale and imperfect competition. Chapter 5 deals with the relationship between international trade and economic growth. Classical International Trade TheoryChapter 2 In this chapter, we’ll review the history, following the thought of Adam Smith and David Ricardo about the division of labor and international trade. In this way, we get to know how international trade theories occurred and have been developed, how the model of international trade theories have been modified and improved by breaking through the theoretical limit. After studying this chapter, you should be able to: understand the Mercantilists’ views on trade;know the definition of absolute advantage(绝对优势) and comparative advantage(比较优势);apply general equilibrium and partial equilibrium analysis to explain the gains from specialization and trade; understand the meaning of terms of trade（贸易条件） In order to study the theories well, we seek to answer three basic questions:1. What is the basis for trade? The forces that give rise to trade between two nations. What factor determines the trade?2. What is the pattern of trade? What commodities are traded and which commodities are exported and imported by each nation?3. What are the gains from trade? How are gains from trade generated? How large are the gains and how are they divided among the trading nations? §1 Mercantilism 1.1 The Building Time Background of Mercantilism All early studies and theories about international trade almost came from the writings of Mercantilism.Mercantilism is a kind of popular economic philosophy during the period of western European system turning fro