泌尿课件：泌尿及男性生殖系结核完整版.pptVIP

泌尿及男性生殖系结核 Tuberculosis of the Urinary and Male Genital System GENITOURINARY TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis has been one of the great imitators of all time, and only a few years ago was thought to be a disease of the past. Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease with a rising incidence worldwide. The urologist’s awareness of the clinical features of genitourinary (GU) TB is necessary to effectively treat patients with this disease. A review of the literature will reveal that the clinical features and pathology of genitourinary tuberculosis described in the earlier part of the 20th century has remained essentially valid to date. Current research focuses on epidemiology of the new resurgence of the disease, as well as rapid diagnostic modalities and new treatment regimens to combat multidrugresistant TB. The Great Imitator是症状不特异，容易误诊的疾病。多为系统性疾病。 结核病有记载的历史，可以追溯到6000年前的意大利和埃及。 法老王阿肯那顿,王后奈费尔提蒂 Akhenaton, a Pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, and his wife Nefertiti both are believed to have died from tuberculosis Signs of the disease have also been found in the spines of Egyptian mummies dating between 3000 and 2400 BCE   (Zink et al, 2003). 我国1973年湖南长沙马王堆一号墓出土的2100年前的女尸肺上部及左肺门，发现有结核钙化灶，说明其生前可能是一个结核病患者。这是我国最早的可查证的结核病患者。 《上海大众卫生报 》2015-5-22 The bacillus causing tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was identified and described on March 24, 1882 by Robert Koch. 世界防治结核病日 (World Tuberculosis Day) 在1982年纪念科赫氏发现结核菌100周年时，世界卫生组织(WHO)和国际防痨和肺病联合会(IUATLD)共同倡议将 3月24日作为“世界防治结核病日”，以提醒公众加深对结核病的认识。 流行病学资料 Genitourinary TB Extrapulmonary sites account for 10% of tuberculosis cases. Genitourinary TB accounts for 30% to 40% of all extrapulmonary TB, second only to lymphonodal affection (Eastwood et al, 2001). In developed countries, urogenital tuberculosis occurs in 2% to 10%of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, while in developing countries it occurs in as