陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解.pdf

第1单元　本杰明·富兰克林1.1　复习笔记Ⅰ. Introduction to author（作者简介） Benjamin Franklin (1706—1790) was a rare genius in human history. He became everything: a printer, postmaster, almanac maker, essayist, scientist, inventor, orator, statesman, philosopher, political economist, ambassador, —“Jack of all trades.” 本杰明·富兰克林(1706—1790)是人类历史上少有的天才。他是出版家、邮政总长、历书作者、散文家、科学家、发明家、演说家、政治家、哲学家、政治经济学家、大使等等。 1 Life（生平） He was born into a poor family. He was a voracious reader. At 16 he published essays under the pseudonym Silence Dogood. At 17 he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He became a printer. He helped found the Pen
ylvania Hospital, an academy which led to the Unive
ity of Pen
ylvania, and the American Philosophical Society. He was a preeminent scientist of his day. He signed the Declaration of Independence. He was one of the make
of the new nation. 富兰克林出生于一个贫穷的家庭。他非常勤奋好学。16岁时开始以笔名“静行善”发表评论文章。17岁时只身逃往费城谋生。后成为出版商。他帮助建立了宾夕法尼亚大学的前身——宾夕法尼亚医学院和北美哲学学会。他也是当时著名的科学家。他签署过《独立宣言》。他是美国的缔造者之一。 2 Major works（主要作品） Poor Richard’s Almanac(1732) 《穷理查历书》（或译《格言历书》） The Autobiography(1771—1790) 《自传》 Ⅱ. Selected works（选读作品） ◆The Autobiography《自传》 1 Main content（主要内容） It depicted the background of Benjamin Franklin, including his studying in his young age and his experiences of work. And his achievement in politics, science and economy were also mentioned in this book. There are four parts in this book. The fi
t part is the experiences of his fi
t 25 yea
of his life. The second part, written in Paris, is the accomplishments on science and the cause of public affai
. The third and fourth part, written in Philadelphia, is the record of his life from 25 to 51-year-old. 这本书主要记叙了本杰明的成长经历，包括年少时的读书及工作经历。书中也讲述了他在政治、科学及经济领域取得的成就。 本书共有四部分。第一部分讲述了他一生前25年的经历。第二部分写于巴黎，侧重描写在科学上的成就及他所从事的公共事业。第三、四两部分写于费城，先后记叙了他从25岁至51岁的生活。 2 Comments（赏析） (1) The Autobiography was probably the fi
t of its kind in literature. It is the simple yet imme
ely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of