初中英语语法形容词及副词.docx

WORD 格式整理版 WORD 格式整理版 学习参考好帮手 学习参考好帮手 专题复习---形容词和副词（一） 一、 形容词的构成及其用法 用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 Eg. Those big moon cakes are delicious. (作表语) Eg. There are many beautiful flowers in the park. (作定语) 修饰词尾为-body/-one; -thing 不定代词时，必须放在其后。 Eg. There’s nothing wrong with my bike. Eg. Please give me something delicious to eat. Eg. Anybody clever can’t do such stupid things. 表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用结构： 数词+名词+形容词 12 years old/ 8meters long/ 3 meters wide/ 100 kilometers high/ 1.8meters tall Eg. It’s a river 6 meters deep. Eg. That’s a road 300 kilometers long. Eg. The young man is 1.8 meters tall. 系动词（look, sound, smell, taste, feel）之后要接形容词Eg. The soup tastes nice. Eg. They all looked very happy after hearing the good news. –ing 形容词和-ed 形容词的区别 -ed 形容词通常用来形容人，而-ing 形容词通常用来形容事或物 如：disappointed/excited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/relaxed (某人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松 disappointing /exciting /interesting /surprising /boring /amazing/ relaxing （某事）令人失望的/兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的 “the +部分形容词” 表示“一类人” the young the old the rich the poor 二、 副词的构成和用法。 副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。 副词的构成形式主要有两大类： 单词本身就是副词。例如：often, now, always, then, yesterday, today, much, very, a bit, so, here, there,等 大多数形容词以-y 结尾的形容词 大多数形容词 以-y 结尾的形容词 直接加-ly 变-y 为-i, bad-badly; careful-carefully 再加 easy-easily; busy-busily 以元音+e 结尾的形容词 去 掉 --e, -ly 再 加 true-truly 注意：(1)形容词 good 的副词形式是 well high; fast; late; early 等形容词和副词同形 有些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如： friendly(友好的)； lovely(可爱的)；lively（生动的）；ugly（丑陋的）；lonely（孤独的；寂寞的） ly 以 le 结尾的形容词 去掉-e, 再加-y terrible-terribly; gentle-gently 以辅音+e 结尾的形容词 直接加-ly nice-nicely; safe-safely enough(足够的；足够地)：当 enough 修饰名词时，要放在名词前面；而修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。 Eg: We have enough food to eat. Eg. The clothes are soft enough for you to wear. 易混词辨析 hard 和 hardly hard 作“艰辛的，坚硬的”时是形容词；作“努力地，辛苦地”是副词 hardly 意为“几乎不”，只能作副词 eg. The diamond is very hard. The old man lived a hard life in the past. Mary works very hard, but his brother is very lazy and he hardly works. alone