全球化的利弊详解.pptVIP

（优选）全球化的利弊 当前第1页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 What is globalization? Globalization (or globalisation) is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the telegraph and its posterity the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. 当前第2页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 全球化 是指全球联系不断增强，人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。全球化亦可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体。全球化正在推倒各国疆界，使全球经济一体化。有些人把全球化喻为“地球村”。对于“全球化”的观感是好是坏，目前仍是见仁见智。近代全球化的风潮已和地方化结合成“全球在地化”的研究。 当前第3页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 Native New World crops exchanged globally: Maize, tomato, potato, vanilla, rubber, cacao, tobacco 当前第4页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 Portuguese carrack in Nagasaki, 17th-century Japanese Nanban art 葡萄牙帆船在长崎，第十七世纪的日本南蛮艺术 当前第5页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 history There are both distal and proximate causes that can be traced in the historical factors affecting globalization. Large-scale globalization began in the 19th century 当前第6页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 During the 19th century, globalization approached its modern form as a result of the industrial revolution. Industrialization allowed standardized production of household items using economies of scale while rapid population growth created sustained demand for commodities. 当前第7页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 19th century Great Britain became the first global economic superpower, because of superior manufacturing technology and improved global communications such as steamships and railroads. 当前第8页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 在第十九世纪，全球化走近它的现代形式作为工业革命的结果。工业化允许利用规模经济的家居用品标准化生产，而人口的快速增长创造了对大宗商品的需求持续旺盛。在这一时期的全球化是果断地塑造的十九世纪的帝国主义。在第十九世纪，轮船的国际运输成本大大降低铁路内陆运输成本。运输革命发生在1820和1850之间的一段时间。更多的国家接受国际贸易。在这一时期，全球化是果断地塑造的十九世纪的帝国主义如在非洲和亚洲。1956集装箱的发明帮助促进贸易的全球化。 当前第9页\共有41页\编于星期四\19点 After the Second World War, work by politicians led to the Bretton Woods conference, an agreement by major governments to lay down the framework fo