英汉对比研究.pptxVIP

;1.形合和意合 2.静态与动态 3.物称与人称 4.被动与主动 5.繁复与简短;1.形合和意合 ( Hypotactic vs. Paratactic );形合和意合 ( Hypotactic vs. Paratactic );形合和意合 ( Hypotactic vs. Paratactic );形合和意合 ( Hypotactic vs. Paratactic );形合和意合 ( Hypotactic vs. Paratactic );再来看几个汉译英的例子;说是说了，没有结果。=（我虽然说了，但是没有结果） I’ve made proposals, but they proved futile. 打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。 If you get beyond your depth, you will suffer.;紧缩句与成语;不进则退。 He who does not advance falls backward. Move forward, or you’ll fall behind. 物莫如新，友莫如故。 Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 While the prospects are bright, the road ahead has twists and turns.;2.静态与动态 ( Stative vs. Dynamic );试比较： The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.;静态与动态 ( Static vs. Dynamic );汉语由动词加后缀构成的名词 (如读者、教师、打字员、观察家、修理工) 用来指人，不再表示行为或动作，因而英语这类名词往往要转换为汉语动词。;我所认识的人当中，她最会记仇。 She is the best hater I’ve ever known. 他能吃能睡。 He is a good eater and a good sleeper.;过去我也常常有点胡思乱想。 I used to be a bit of a fancier myself. 他失业以后，就很不合群了。 Since he lost his job, he’s been a loner. 他是个聪明人，很好相处，可是学习不肯用功。 He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student.;名词优势造成造成介词优势，使英语的静态倾向更为显著。 He is at his books. (He is reading books) 他在读书。 He has someone behind him. (Someone supports him) 有人给他撑腰。;由于以上的特点，英汉互译的过程往往是静态与动态互相转换的过程。 His first pledge was, “ Mr. President, You have my support and loyalty.” 他一开始就保证说：“总统先生，我支持您，并效忠于您。”;Harvard, despite its own estimate of itself, was ultimately an academic haven where an error of interpretation could result only in loss of face, not in extinction. 哈佛大学，不管它如何自命高明，终究还是个学符胜地，在那里把问题看错了，无非丢脸而已，总不至于完蛋。;3.物称与人称 ( Impersonal vs. Personal );Not a sound reached our ears. 我们没有听到任何声音。 The thick carpet killed the sound of my heavy footsteps. 我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点声音也没有。;The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 一看见那棵大树，我便