5000吨氟硅酸钠车间设计重点设计反应及分离.docxVIP

5000吨氟硅酸钠车间设计重点设计反应及分离 摘要：在磷酸工段中,磷矿中的氟大部分以SiF4和HF气体的形式逸出。由于氟化物对环境和生态平衡的危害极大,日益严格的环保要求,这迫使生产厂家要对氟化物进行处理和回收。氟化物的回收加工,既能使环境得到保护,又可化害为利、变废为宝,提高企业的经济效益。含氟气体通常用水吸收,生成氟硅酸。以此为原料,可以加工成氟化铝、氟硅酸钠、冰晶石多种氟化物盐类。目前以用于生产氟化铝和氟硅酸钠为多。由于我国磷矿资源丰富,中小型磷铵厂和磷肥厂遍布全国各地,氟硅酸产量大，再加上氟硅酸钠生产的原料食盐来源广,流程简单,操作控制容易,生产成本低,规模不受限制,因而利用氟硅酸生产氟硅酸钠的方法目前可以得到广泛的应用。 关键词：氟硅酸钠；车间设计；设计反应；分离 Abstract: in phosphoric acid section, most fluorine in phosphate rock escapes by SiF 4 and gas. Because fluoride has great harm to environment and ecological balance, increasingly strict environmental requirements, forcing manufacturers to deal with fluoride treatment and recycling. Recycling fluoride can not only protect environment but also harm it into waste material so as to improve economic benefit of enterprises. Fluorine containing gases usually absorb water and generate acid. As raw materials, it can be processed into fluoride salts containing fluorine, sodium fluoride and cryolite. Currently used for producing aluminium fluoride and sodium fluoride are more than available. Due to abundant phosphate resources in China small and medium ammonium phosphate plants and phosphate fertilizer plants are widely distributed throughout China and yield of fluosilicate acid is large plus broad source salt sources of sodium production process simple operation control easy production cost low cost; Therefore, the method of producing sodium by using fluosilicate acid can be widely used nowadays. Keywords: sodium; workshop design; design reaction; separation  目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 1.绪论 4 1.1研究背景和意义 4 1.2研究现状 4 1.3研究内容和方法 5 2概述 5 2.1含氟气体的来源 6 2.2 含氟气体的主要性质 7 2.2.1 无水氢氟酸的性质 7 2.2.2 SiF4的性质 7 2.3含氟废气吸收过程的特点 8 2.4含氟废气的处理方法 9 2.4.1 稀释法 9 2.4.2吸收法（湿法） 9 2.5 氟硅酸（H2SiF6）的性质及用途 10 2.5.1氟硅酸（H2SiF6）的性质 10 2.5.2氟硅酸（H2SiF6）的用途 11 2.6氟硅酸钠（Na2SiF6）的性质 12 3 工艺过程 13 3.1氟硅酸钠生产工艺原理 13 3.1.1尾气处理主要设备及其特点 14 3.1.2 现有洗涤器的类型 15 3.2 工艺过程的选择 17 3.2.1 干燥概述 17 3.2.2 干燥原理、干燥方法 18 3.2.3 干燥技