自学考试《英语词汇学》复习资料第六章 .pdf

自学考试《英语词汇学》复习资料第六章 第六章 1. Polysemy （识记）—polysemy is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages. When a words is first coined ， it always monosemic ， but tin the course of development ， the same word may have two or more different meanings. e.g. The word “flight” may mean “passing through the air” ， “power of flying” ， “air of journey” ， etc. Two approaches （识记） Diachronic approach – Diachronically ， polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word. This first meaning is the primary meaning. With the advance of time and the development of language ， it took on more and more meanings. These latter meanings are called derived meanings. E.g. face The primary meaning gave birth to new meaning. The primary meaning become either absolute or disappeared altogether E.g. harvest time of cutting reaping and gathering the crops a season ’s yield of grain or fruit Pain penalty or punishment pains and penalty upon/under pain of suffering Synchronic approach – synchronically， polysemy is viewed as the coexistent of various meaning of the same word in a certain historical period of time. The basic meaning of a word is the core of word meaning. The core of word meaning called the central meaning （secondary meaning ）. The central meaning has gradually dimished in currency with the changes and one of the derived meanings has become dominant. E.g. gay Two process of development （领会） Radiation – a semantic process which shows that the primary meaning stands at the center and each of the derived meanings proceed out of in every direction like rays. The meanings are independent of one another ， but can all be tracked back to the central meaning. e.g. Neck 1） That part of a man or animal jointing the h