就远原则和就近原则.docxVIP

语法：就远原则讲解 【就远原则】 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but； including；in addition to；apart from 采用“就近原则”的两个典型用法 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 连词 or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。如： Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。 Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。 Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个密秘？ 当 there be 后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be 的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一 致。如：There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。 There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里有两个梨子，一些桔子和一个苹果。 五 、 由 or，not only … but also …， either … or …， neither … nor …，not … but …等连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则来确定。 如： You or he is going to be sent to study abroad . He or we are going to be sent to study abroad . 六、“名词 + 介词 / 介词短语（ with，together with，along with，as well as 等） + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由介词前的名词的单复数形式决定。如： Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing . You as well as your brother have been accepted . 七、主语从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： What we can’t get seems better than what we have . Taking more exercise is good for your health . 八、定语从句中，当先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语与先行词的人称和数保持一致； 但“ one of + 名词复数”作先行词时，如在 one 前有 the，the very，the only 等词修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数形式，若没有，则用复数形式。 如： He is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster . He is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster . 九、there be 句型中，be 的单复数形式由其后的名词决定，如果有两个或两个以上的名词，则按就近原则决定。 如： There is only a desk in the room . There is only a desk and two chairs in the room . There are two chairs and a desk in the room . 十、“ the + 形容词”作主语表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如 ：The rich don’t understand the life of the poor . 语法：就近原则讲解 【就近原则】 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。 在正式文体中： 由下列词语连接的并列主语：there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor； whether…or；not…but; not only…but also ; 等 。 e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或