2024届高考英语二轮复习：被动语态（素材）.docxVIP

专题十一：被动语态精讲 一、概念 被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是 动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动 词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有及物动词彳j被动语态。汉语往 往用“被“”受““给“等被动词来表示被动意义。 二、将下列语句替换为被动语态 EG: We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school. 被动语态—English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school. They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. - 1()() tractors by the end of last year. They have warned us to be careful of rats. J —We to be careful of rats by them. People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets. —Plastic bags full of rubbish in streets. No one has ever beaten him at tennis. 一He at tennis. 三、构成形式 ①助动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 ②情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Tips：时态用法和主动语态相同，只是改变了语态，详见下表。 主动语态 被动语态 f现在时 ① amVsVare■② do/does(VWs) am\is\are+done(V. p,p) 一般将来时 wilNbe going to\be (about)to+do(V.) will*be*done(V. p.p) ① waswere ② d id( V. -ed) was\were*done(V. p p) 过去将来时 would/should +V. would/should be + done p.p.) 现在进行时 amMs\are+doing(V.-ing) amMsVare+being+done(V. p p) 过去进行时 was\were*doing(V.-ing) was\were*being+done(Vp p) 现在完成时 have\has*done(V. p p.) have\has+been+done(V. p.p) 过去完成时 had*done(V. p.p.) had*been*done(V. p.p.) 情态动词 情态动词+V- 情态动词-be+done(V. pp) 四、注意事项 (1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词) 例如：appear, die,disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.等均无被动语 态。 (2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： 例如:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to (3)系动词无被动语态(keep除外)： 例如:appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn (4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于 被动语态：die, death, dream, live, life (5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 Eg： (V) She likes to swim. (X ) To swim is liked by her. (6)主动语态to走开，被动语态to回来： 在主动语态中，make, let, hear, see, notice等其后跟省略 t。的动词不定式时，变为被动语态时必须还原不定式to。 例如：The boss madehim work 14 hours a day. —He w