医学微生物课件.pptVIP

　分枝杆菌属 (Mycobacterium);;Common features;细长略弯的杆菌，有分枝生长趋势； 细胞壁含大量脂质、不易着色，染色 后可抵抗盐酸乙醇脱色，抗酸杆菌。 ;M.Tuberculosis bacillus complex 结核分枝杆菌复合群 生长缓慢，包括人和牛结核分枝杆菌 2. Nontuberculous mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌 3. M.leprae麻风分枝杆菌;Acid Fast Stain(Ziehl-Neelsen stain);; Mycobacterium stains red other bacterium and the background stains blue. ;2021/3/12;2021/3/12; Pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium leprae; ;;9岁，男孩，因发热，咳嗽咳痰入院，胸部X光检查可见肺部有哑铃状阴影（原发综合征表现）： （1）你认为该儿童得的是什么病？ （2）为了明确诊断，你会对他做哪些微生物学检查？;第一节　结核分枝杆菌 ;Morphology thin and slightly cur rods acid-fast bacilli;形态染色： 细长略弯的杆菌，常聚集成团。; ;Mycobacterium tuberculosis;1.obligate aerobic. mycoderm菌膜 2.nutrition are high, Lowenstein-Jensen medium 3. It grows very slow with a generation time of 18 hours. colony ,3-4 weeks 4.The rough colonies granular, dull- yellow, dry 　;培养特性：;2021/3/12;2021/3/12;;;Resistance;抵抗力：;Variation;PathogenicityA.Constituents of Tubercle Bacilli;二、致病性;(3) Wax D蜡质D：有佐剂作用，激发机体产生迟发型变态反应。 (4) Sulfatide硫酸脑苷脂：使Tb杆菌在吞噬细胞中大量存活。 ;; 2、蛋白质：Tb菌素＋蜡质D ---→迟发型超敏反应 3、多糖;Several complex lipids;Mycobacterium tuberculosis;Pathogenesis;Occur in the lungs no immunity (children ) Ghon complex: (Ghon focus) （survive and multiplies within macrophage） initial lesion and enlarged hilar lymph nodes 90 % heal but a few bicillin in lung Some bacilli diffusion ;1、肺部感染：肺结核最多见;post-primary Tuberculosis;（2）原发后感染：;Cavity formation ;肺部感染：肺结核;肺结核病的主要症状有： cough咳嗽、咳痰spit blood咯血、chest pain胸痛fever in afternoon、 fatigue疲乏无力、 anorexia食欲减退 、lose flesh消瘦、 night sweats夜间盗汗、;Immunity and hypersensitivity;Immunity and hypersensitivity;;(二)免疫与变态反应：;;Tuberculin skin test;(三)结核菌素试验：;Mantoux method;2、结核菌素：　;positive ：Induration ≥5 mm caused by a delayed hypersensitivity response Indicates previous infection but not necessarily active disease;;; 4、结果观察与意义; ;Application;5、应用：;Laboratory diagnosis;微生