09Contract-Law-何家弘法律英语配套课件.pptVIP

Lesson Nine Contract Law;Contract Definition ;Three Factors;Background;美国合同法; TEXT;Contract ;For lawyers ;Three elements in a transaction——contract;THE WAYS订立协议和执行协议的方法;Property ;Ring ;Rights ;Real property ;/;Less tangible property不太有形的资产;Any social that……;Even societies that do not permit private ownership of wealth to the degree that ours does are likely to recognize the personal rights of individuals to be free from certain kinds of conduct … 即使是那些对财产私有权的许可没有达到我们这种程序的社会，也会承认个人的人身权利不受某种行为的侵犯。;certain kinds of conduct;Criminal law vs. tort law;Criminal law;Ownership of property;Date;Agreements for exchange are the means by which some resources are assembled and put to productive use. 交换的契约是将一些资源组合起来，使之得到有效利用的手段。 ;Some agreement for exchange call for the immediate and simultaneous exchange of money for goods and services. 有效交换契约要求现金与货物、服务的立即和同时交换。;Exchange of significant size涉及到大额交易时;The law of contracts;Legal problems do not always fit neatly into the pigeonholes that legal theorists have created. 法律问题不可能总是与法理学家所创立的分类完全相符。 Frequently they raise issues involving more than one body of law. 法律问题往往涉及到不止一部法律。;“fraud” conduct欺诈行为;The web of the law;Source /authority法律渊源 ;首要法源;次要法源;What are Restatements of the Law法律注释汇编;Contract law;Technical jargon 专业术语;Judicial system of decision-making 司法决策体制;Stare decisis;Date;从两个方面证明以判例法为主要依据的法律制度的合法性;The characteristic of a system;Blind adherence ;避免的方法：;A precedent ;If the precedent is not merely persuasive, but binding, it cannot simply be ignored. It may, however, be avoided. 如果判例不仅有劝导性而且有约束力，那么该判例不能简单地被忽视，但却可以被回避。;If the facts of the present case do not include a fact that appears to have been necessary (“material”) to the earlier decision, the court may “distinguish” the precedent, render a different decision. 如果以前判决不包含对当前案例有实质必要影响的事???，那么法院可以“区别”前例，提出不同的判决。;If the earlier precedent is indeed binding, but is difficult or impossible to distinguish, there is one other way to avoid its effect. 如果比较早的判例确实有约束力，