语言学Chapter-soundPPT教案课件.pptxVIP

胡壮麟语言学Chapter sound 会计学 1 n As human beings we are capable of making all kinds of sounds, but only some of these sounds have become units in the language system. n We can analyze speech sounds from various perspectives and the two major areas第1 9 tudy are phonetics an 2 phonology. n Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. Speech perception (Speaker B) Speech production (Speaker A) 第2页/共91页 3 n Articulatory Phonetics is the study of the production of speech sounds. n Acoustic Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds. n Perceptual or Auditory Phonetics is concerned with the percept 页 91 f speech sounds. 4 5 that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur’. n In phonology we normally begin by analyzing an individual language, say English, in order to determin 4 91 honological structure, i.e. which sound units are used and how they are put n Phonology is the study of the sound patterns and sound systems of languages. n It aims to ‘discover the principles 1.How speech sounds are made 1.1 Speech organs 第5页/共91页 6 LARYNX VOCAL FOLDS 0 LUNGS 第6页/共91页 7 EPIGLOTTIS MANDIBLE UPPER TEETH RIDGE LIPS LOWER TEETH RIDGE 第页共91页 NASAL CAVITY PHARYNX TONGUE UVULA 8 Position of the vocal folds: voiceless 第8页/共91页 9 Position of the vocal folds: voicing(initial the widest aperture) 第9页/共91页 10 Position of the vocal folds: glottal stop 第10页/共91页 11 12 inaugurated by a small group of language teachers in France who had found the practice of phonetics useful in their teaching and wished to popularize their methods. 第11页/共91页 n It was changed to its present title of the International Phonetic Associati (IPA) i n In 1886, the Phonetic Teachers’ Association was 1.2 The IPA the contents were printed entirely in phonetic transcription. n The idea of establishing a