地理信息系统导论chap09.pptxVIP

Key Concepts and Terms Review Questions Applications : Data Display and Cartography Task 1: Make a Choropleth Map Task 2: Use Graduated Symbols, Line Symbols, Highway Shield Symbols, and Text Symbols Task 3: Label Streams Challenge Task References 2 ■Common map elements are the title, body, legend, north arrow, scale, acknowledgment, and neatline/map border. ■Other elements include the graticule or grid, name of map projection, in set or location map, and data quality information. Common Map Elements 3 Figure 9 . 1 Common map elements. 4 ■Cartography is the making and study of maps in all their aspects. ■Cartographers classify maps into general reference or thematic, and qualitative or quantitative. Cartographic Representation 5 ■To display a spatial feature on amap, we use amap symbol to indicate the feature ’ s location and a visual variable, or visual variables, with the symbol to show the feature ’ s attribute data. ■The general rule for vector data is to use point symbols for point features, line symbols for line features, and area symbols for area features. ■Visual variables for data display include hue, value, chroma, size, texture, shape, and pattern. Spatial Features and Map Symbols 6 Figure 9 . 2 This map uses area symbols to show watersheds, a line symbol for streams, and a point symbol for gage stations. 7 Figure 9 . 3 Visual variables in cartographic symbolization. 8 ■Color has the visual dimensions of hue, value, and chroma. Hue is the quality that distinguishes one color from another. Value is the lightness or darkness of a color. Chroma refers to the richness, or brilliance, of a color. ■Hue is a visual variable better suited for qualitative (nominal) data, whereas value and chroma are better suited for quantitative (ordinal, interval, and ratio) data. ■Quantitative color schemes include the single hue, hue and value, diverging or double-ended, part spectral, and full spectral. Use of Color 9 Six