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BreastCancer
1AnatomyofBreast
OntheanteriorchestwallExtendsfromthe2ndribabovetothe6thor7thribbelowMedialextensionistothesternum,andthelateralborderextendstothemid-axillarylineTheposteriorsurfaceoftheglandrestsuponthefasciaofthepectoralismajorandserratusanteriormuscleThebreastiscomprisedofthreemajorstructures:skin(nipple-areolacomplexwithadnexalstructure),subcutaneoustissue(adiposeandfibrousconnectivetissue),andmammaryparenchyma
VasculatureofBreastInternalmammaryarteryLateralthoracicandpectoralarteriesLateralbranchesoftheposteriorintercostalarteries
LymphaticDrainageUnidirectional,fromthesuperficialtothedeeplymphaticplexusThemainrouteofdrainageofthebreast,greaterthan75%,isthroughtheaxillarylymphnodegroups.TheaxillarylymphnodegroupsaredividedaccordingtotheirlateralandmedialrelationshiptothepectoralisminormuscleintolevelsI–III.
2BreastCancer
EpidemiologyEtiologyClinicalsymptomDiagnosis12345MedicalTherapy
GeneticProlongedestrogenexposureobesityHistoryAgeRadiationexposure…..Etiology
Genetic
About5%ofwomenwithbreastcancercarryamutationinoneofthe2knownbreastcancergenes,BRCA1orBRCA2.Ifrelativesofsuchawomanalsocarrythegene,theyhavea50to85%lifetimeriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.MenwhocarryaBRCA2mutationalsohaveanincreasedriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.WomenwithBRCA1mutationsalsohavea20to40%lifetimeriskofdevelopingovariancancer;riskamongwomenwithBRCA2mutationsisincreasedless.
Familyhistoryofbreastcancerina1st-degreerelative(mother,sister,daughter)doublesortriplesriskofdevelopingthecancerWhen≥21st-degreerelativeshavebreastcancer,riskmaybe5to6timeshigherHistoryofinsituorinvasivebreastcancer(0.5-1%peryear)Atypicalductalorlobularhyperplasiaincreasesriskofbreastcancer4-to5-fold;riskincreasestoabou
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