贸易政策工具（英文版）.pptVIP

Problemwiththeunweighted-averagetariffrateItdoesnottakeintoaccounttherelativeimportanceoftheimports.IfthecountryimportsmostlygoodsA,thisunweightedaveragewouldtendtooverstatetheheightofthecountry’saveragetariff.1.The“height”oftariff

(2)weighted-averagetariffrateEachproduct’stariffrateisweightedbytheimportanceofthegoodsinthetotalbundleofimports.E.g.ImportedgoodsA:15%tariffrate,$800,000;ImportedgoodsB:20%tariffrate,$500,000;ImportedgoodsC:25%tariffrate,$200,000;weighted-averagetariffrate=(15%*$800,000+20%*$500,000+25%*$200,000)/($800,000+$500,000+$200,000)=18%Whytheweighted-averagetariffrateislowerinthisexample?Thetariffratesthemselveschangetheimportbundle(?thelawofdemand):givinggreaterweighttolow-tariffgoods.?Theweighted-averagetariffrateisthereforebiaseddownward.Problemwiththeweighted-averagerateIncontrasttothe“non-discriminative”principle,thecountrymustbeadesignatedbeneficiarycountry.CountriesgivingGSPtreatmenttoChina--英国、法国、德国、意大利、荷兰、卢森堡、比利时、爱尔兰、丹麦、希腊、葡萄牙、西班牙、日本、挪威、新西兰、澳大利亚、瑞士、瑞典、芬兰、奥地利、加拿大和波兰等。ChinaisexcludedfromtheGSPschemeoftheUSA.

MainaspectsofGSPschemes--(a)Countryeligibilitycriteria“Import-sensitive”productswillbeexcluded.E.g.ArticlesbeingexcludedfromGSPschemesoftheUSA:(1)textileandapparelarticles;(2)watches;(3)certainelectronicarticles;(4)certainsteelarticles;(5)certainfootweararticles;(6)certainglassproducts;Etc.MainaspectsofGSPschemes--(b)ProducteligibilitycriteriaProductsmayberemovedfromanyonecountryiftotalimportsfromthatcountryexceedacertainvalue/percentage.?domesticmarketprotection.E.g.Ifaproductisimportedfromanyonecountryexceeds50%ofthetotalquantityoftheUSimportsfromallcountries?itwillberemovedforthefollowingyear,anditwillberemovedjustforthatcountry.Maina