英语语言学第五章semantics.ppt

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英语语言学第五章semantics.ppt

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ChapterFive

Meaning1

GeoffreyLeech(1974,1981).Semantics:TheStudyofMeaning.Seventypesofmeaning:ConceptualmeaningConnotativemeaningSocialmeaningAffectivemeaningReflectedmeaningCollocativemeaningThematicmeaningAssociativeMeaning2

3.1ConceptualmeaningAlsocalled‘denotative’or‘cognitive’meaning.Referstological,cognitiveordenotativecontent.Concernedwiththerelationshipbetweenawordandthethingitdenotes,orrefersto.3

3.2Connotativemeaningtheemotionalassociationwhichawordoraphrasesuggestsinone’smind.Itisthesupplementaryvalueaddedtothepurelydenotativemeaningofaword.Motherafemaleparentconnoteslove,careandtenderness.DogshavedifferentconnotativemeaningbetweenChineseandEnglish.4

3.3SocialmeaningWhatapieceoflanguageconveysaboutthesocialcircumstancesofitsuse.Dialect:thelanguageofageographicalregionorofasocialclass.5

domicile:veryformal,officialresidence:formalabode:poetichome:generalsteed:poetichorse:generalnag:slanggee-gee:babylanguage6

3.4AffectivemeaningReflectingthepersonalfeelingsofthespeaker,includinghisattitudetothelistener,orhisattitudetosomethingheistalkingabout.I’mterriblysorrytointerrupt,butIwonderifyouwouldbesokindastoloweryourvoicesalittle.orWillyoubeltup.7

3.5ReflectedmeaningAssociatedwithanothersenseofthesameexpression.Reflectedmeaningcultureoriented.InEnglishlilyreflectspurityandchastity.LoveandhappinessinChinese.Sopaintthelily画蛇添足DragonsymbolizesroyaltyandpowerwhileinEnglishevil.8

3.6Collocativemeaningmeaningofawordsuggestedbyotherwordswithwhichitco-occurs.Prettyhandsomesharecommongroundinthemeaninggood-looking,buttheyhavedifferentcollocativemeanings.Prettywithgirlhandsomewithboy.Tremblewithfearandquiverwithexcitement.9

3.7Thematicmeaningdeterminedbytheorderofthewordsandthedifferentprominencetheyeachreceive

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