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ChE427
NOVELTOPICSin
SEPARATIONPROCESSES
Chp2:IONEXCHANGEInstructor:Prof.Dr.HayrettinYücel
Assistant:Ms.HaleAy
DefinitionsIonisanatomicormolecularspecieshavinganetelectriccharge.Acationhasapositivecharge(e.g.Na+),ananionhasanegativecharge(e.gCl-)Ionexchangeisaprocessinvolvingexchange(sorption)ofoneorseveralionicspeciesaccompaniedbythesimultaneousdisplacement(desorption)ofoneormoreotherionicspeciesofthesamecharge.Ion-exchangerisasolidorliquidmaterialcontainingionsthatareexchangeablewithotherionswithalikechargethatarepresentinasolutioninwhichthematerialisinsoluble..
SomeFeaturesofIonExchangeonSolidExchangersCations(oranions)inaliquidareexchangedwithcations(oranions)onasolidsorbentElectroneutralityismaintainedinboththeliquidandsolidphasesIngeneral,reversibleExampleRrepresentssolidexchanger
HIGHLIGHTS·In1845-50Itwasshownthatcertainsoilshavethe powerof decomposingandretainingammonium salts andothercations(ThomsonandWay)?·??Softeningofwaterbysodiumaluminosilicatethatcould be regeneratedwithsodiumchloride(1850’s) ·?Sulfonationofcertaintypesofcoaltoyieldcation exchangers(1935)?·? Polycondensationofphenolsandformaldehyde toobtaincation(containingsulfonic,-SO3-groups)oranion(containingamine,-NH3+groups)exchangers?·?Productionofsulfonatedpolystyrene-basedstrongacid cationresins(1944)?·?Polystyrene-basedstronganionexchangers(1946) ·Artificialexpansionofresinporositytogive macroporousormacroreticularresins(recent)?·uniform-sizedresinsasthenewestdevelopmentinthe technology(1990’s)
IonexchangeisawidespreadphenomenonoccuringinnatureIonexchangematerialsinclude1)silicates(naturalorsynthetic;amorphousorcrystalline)2)phosphates3)flourides4)humus5)wo
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