（结石生物标志物）biomarkers in urolithiasis source urol clin north am so 2023.pdfVIP

BiomarkersinUrolithiasis

DavidE.Hinojosa-Gonzalez,MD,BrianH.Eisner,MD*

KEYWORDS

UrolithiasisBiomarkersKidneystonesNephrolithiasis

KEYPOINTS

Biomarkeruseinendourologyandstonediseasehasseenlimitedusewithoutwidespreadadoption

todate.

Therearemanypotentialapplicationsofbiomarkersforthestudyofpatientswithurolithiasis,both

forclinicalandresearchpurposes.

Furtherstudiesareneededtodefinetheroleofnovelbiomarkersintheevaluationandtreatmentof

patientswithkidneystonedisease.

INTRODUCTIONphosphatecomponents.Othercommontypesof

stonesarecomposedofstruvite,uricacid,and

Urolithiasisisoneofthemostcommonurologiccystine,whichareestimatedtorepresent10%,

diseases.Itisestimatedthatthelifetimepreva-9%,and1%,respectively.3

lenceintheUnitedStatesisapproximately1in“Biomarker”isabroadtermwhoseactualdefi-

11.Trendanalysishasdeterminedthatstonedis-nitionhasundergonevariousrevisionsbyorgani-

easeisontheincrease,withprevalencenumberszationssuchastheWorldHealthOrganization

nearlydoublingovertheprior2decades.1StonesandtheNationalInstitutesofHealth,among

thatforminthekidneymaydetachfromtherenalothers.Currentdefinitionsarewideencompass-

papillaandobstructtheureter,leadingtoacuteing,denominatingabiomarkeranyconsistent

obstructiveepisodesthatrequireemergencymeasurementthatreflectsunderlyingprocesses.4

careand/orintervention;thishasresultedinemer-

Thisreviewfocusesonmeasurementsofserum,

gencydepartmentvisitsandhealthcarecostuti