凝聚态物理导论量子输运课件老师-讲学lesson07.pdfVIP

Electrondynamicsofabulkmaterialinforegoingchapters

Semiclassicalapproachisused,quantumcoherencelimited

averaginermanymicroscopicconfigurations

Electrontransportinmesoscopicsystems,

wavebehaviorisinvolvedinwholesystem

physicalphenomenarelatedtoquantumcoherence

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§10.1CharacteristicsofMesoscopicSystems

Amesoscopicsystem,sizweenmicroscopicand

macroscopicsystems

Thisstatementissomewhatvague

Themaharacteristics:anelectronkeepsitsphasecoherent

throughoutthesample

Severerestrictiononsizeandtemperatureofthesample

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10.1.1PrescriptionofMesoscopicStructures

(1)Microscopicsystems,suchasanatomorasmallmolecule

physicalpropertiesarecontrolledbyquantumbehavior

(2)Amacroscopicsample,largerthan1mminsizeoften

classicalorsemiclassicaldescriptioncanbeused

Forexample,theconductivity=ne2(E)/m*

0F

5

Atroomtemperature,inelasticscatteringtime

13-1-13

1/τin∼kBT/ћ10s,τin≃10s

Phaseinformationisdestroyed

v≈108cm/s=1016Å/s,l=vτ≈1000Å

FinFin

Elasticmeanpathlforanelectronremaining

phasecoherent∼100Å

Electronscanbetreatedassemiclassicalparticles

onlylocalinterferencecorrectiononductivity

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(3)mesoscopicstructuresornanostructures

MBEandopticalandelectron-beamlithography→

metalorsemiconductorsampleswithsizeL1μm

Semiconductorsuperlattices,nanosizeinonedirec