大学单词怎么背Week 1 Chapter 1 Some academic terms.docx

大学单词怎么背Week 1 Chapter 1 Some academic terms.docx

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Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.

Vocabularyreferstothetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage.Italsostandsforallthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod,ofagivendialectordiscipline,orpossessedbyaperson.

Lexicology:abranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyofagivenlanguage,dealingwithwords,theirorigin,development,history,structure,meaningandapplication.

ThetermlexicologywasborrowedfromtheFrenchwordlexicologie,whichcontainstwomorphemes:oneisGreeklexicon,meaning“wordbook”or“vocabulary,”theotherisFrenchlogie,meaning“thestudyorscienceof.”Sotheliteralmeaningofthetermis“thescienceofwords”

Generallyspeaking,linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.Tobemoreexact,linguisticsis“thestudyofhumanspeechincludingtheunits,nature,structure,andmodificationoflanguage.”

Classifications:

(traditionally)phonetics,grammarandlexicology

(today)phonology,syntax,pragmatics,semantics,phonetics,philology,lexicology,stylistics,generallinguistics,descriptivelinguistics,contrastivelinguistics,comparativelinguistics,sociolinguistics,psycholinguistics,appliedlinguistics,etc.

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