植物生理学：植物光合作用.pptVIP

H2COPC=OHOCHHCOHH2COPHCOHHCOHCOHH2COPHCOHC=OHOCHHCOHHCOHH2COPHCOHH2COPHCOHCOHHCOHHCOHH2COPH2COHC=OHOCHHCOHH2COPHCOHC=OHOCHHCOHHCOHH2COPHCOHH2COHH2COPC=OHCOHHCOHH2COPH2COHC=OHCOHHCOHH2COPH2COHC=OHOCHHCOHH2COPCOOHHCOHH2COPCOOPHCOHH2COPHCOHCOHH2COPH2COHC=OH2COPCO2ADPATPATPADPNADPNADPH1234568912111310PiPi7能量转化效率以同化3个CO2形成1个磷酸丙糖为例。在标准状态下每形成1molGAP贮能1460kJ，每水解1molATP放能32kJ，每氧化1molNADPH放能220kJ，则C3途径的能量转化效率为91%〔1460/(32×9+220×6)〕，这是一个很高的值。然而在生理状态下，各种化合物的活度低于1.0，与上述的标准状态有差异，另外，要维持C3光合还原循环的正常运转，其本身也要消耗能量，因而一般认为，C3途径中能量的转化效率在80%左右。

RegulationoftheCalvin-BensonCycleTheamountofeachenzymeinthestromaisregulatedbytheconcertedexpressionofnuclearandchloroplastgenomes.Nucleus-encodedenzymesaretranslatedon80Sribosomesinthecytosolandsubsequentlytransportedintotheplastid.Plastid-encodedproteinsaretranslatedinthestromaonprokaryotic-like70Sribosomes.Lightmodulatestheexpressionofstromalenzymesencodedbythenucleargenomeviaspecificphotoreceptors(e.g.phytochromeandblue-lightreceptors).Chloroplastenzymesrespondrapidlytolightthroughposttranslationalmodificationsthatchangetheirspecificactivity:Changesincovalentbonds,suchasthecarbamylationofaminogroups(Enz-NH2+CO2Enz-NH-CO2-+H+)orthereductionofdisulfidebonds(Enz-(S)2+Prot-(SH)2Enz-(SH)2+Prot-(S)2)Modificationsofnoncovalentinteractionscausedbythebindingofmetabolitesorbychangesintheioniccompositionofthecellularmilieu(e.g.,pH,Mg2+)第3,7,11,15……隔4次闪光出现一放氧高峰。放氧复合物S0,S1,S2,S3,S4。S0—最低,S4—最高—自发放O2—S0状态。黑暗下,只有S0,S1状态可稳定存在,而S2,S3最终都可以逆转到S1。光下S0：S1：S2：S3为1：1：1：1，暗中适应后S0：S1：S2：S3为1：3：0：0S0S2S1S3S4P680hve-e-e-e-e-1min1minTheoxygenevolvingcomplex(OEC)isaMn4CaO5clusterorganizedintoadistorted-chairshape,inwhichthecuboidalpart