六年级学生分数计算错误的原因及教学策略.docx

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摘要

分数是小学“数与代数”领域中的重要内容，其中，分数运算的学习至关重要它是对先前学习的整数运算和小数运算的拓展，尤其是第三学段的分数运算在思维探作的复杂性和抽象性方面的要求更高，因此对于分数运算的研究十分必要。本研究对“数学错误”、“运算及运算能力”、“分数运算”相关文献进行梳理，通过编制分数运算测试卷，采用文本分析法概括出六年级学生分数运算错误类型包括:(1)知识性错误:计算结果未化简;带分数转化为假分数错误;分数运算小括号使用不当;分数运算顺序错误及运算律使用不当;单位“1”不清;“量”“率”寻找困难等。(2)操作性错误:约分格式不规范;简单的计算错误;计算过程不完整等。(3)策略性错误:通分不当;约分不当;简便运算困难等。(4)心理性错误:抄错运算符号、数字或漏抄;非所问;畏难绪等。并结合对任课教师和学生的访谈从师生两个层面分析学生出错的原因。

关键词:小学生;分数运算;错误类型;错误原因;教学对策

Abstract

Fractionisanimportantcontentinthefieldofnumberandalgebra,amongthem,thelearningoffractionoperationiscrucialitisthepreviouslearningoftheintegeroperationanddecimaloperation,especiallythethirdsegmentofthefractioninthinkingforcomplexityandabstractrequirementsofhigher,soisverynecessaryforthestudyoffractionoperation.Inthisstudy,therelevantdocumentsofmathematicalerror,operationandoperationabilityandfractionoperationaresummarized.Bycompilingthetestpaperoffractionaloperation,theerrorsofsixthgrade6studentsaresummarizedbytextanalysis,including:(1)knowledgeerror:simplifiedcalculationerror;scoreconversionintofalsefractionalerror;improperuseoffractionaloperationbrackets;fractionaloperationordererrorandimproperuseofoperationlaw;unit1,quantityandrate,difficulty.(2)Operationalerror:unstandardformat;simplecalculationerror;incompletecalculationprocess,etc.(3)Strategicerror:improperdistribution;improperreduction;difficultyinsimpleoperation,etc.(4)Psychologicalerrors:wrongoperationsymbols,numbersormissing;non-asked;fearofdifficulties,etc.Combinedwiththeinterviewswithteachersandstudents,thecausesofstudentsmistakesareanalyzedfromthetwoaspectsofteachersandstudents.

Keywords:primaryschoolstudents;scoreoperation;errortype;errorreason;teachingcountermeasures

目录

TOC\o1-3\h\u4451摘要 I

22134Abstract II

21641绪论 1

261831.1研究背景 1

192301.2研究目的及