机械工程英语翻译..pdfVIP

•DrillingandDrills

钻削和钻头

Drillinginvolvesproducingthroughorblindholesinaworkpiecebyforcing

atool,whichrotatesarounditsaxis,againsttheworkpiece.

钻削就是通过迫使绕自身轴线旋转的切削刀具进入工件而在其上生成通孔或盲孔。

Consequently,therangeofcuttingfromthataxisofrotationisequaltotheradius

oftherequiredhole.Inpractice,twosymmetricalcuttingedgesthatrotateabout

thesameaxisareemployed.

因此，从旋转轴线开始的切削范围等于所需孔的半径。实际上，使用的是两条围绕相同轴线

旋转的对称切削刃。

Drillingoperationscanbecarriedoutbyusingeitherhanddrillsordrilling

machines.Thelatterdifferinsizeandconstruction.Nevertheless,thetoolalways

rotatesarounditsaxiswhiletheworkpieceiskeptfirmlyfixed.Thisiscontrary

todrillingonalathe.

钻削作业既能采用手钻也能采用钻床来实现。钻床在尺寸和结构上虽有差别，然而始

终都是切削刀具围绕自身轴线旋转、工件稳固定位的形式。这正好与在车床上钻孔相反。

CuttingToolforDrillingOperation

Indrillingoperations,acylindricalrotary-endcuttingtool,calledadrill,

isemployed.Thedrillcanhaveeitheroneormorecuttingedgesandcorresponding

flutes,whichcanbestraightorhelical.

用于钻削作业的切削刀具

在钻削作业中，要用到被称为钻头的圆柱形回转端切削刀具。钻头可以有一条或多条

直的或是螺旋状的切削刃以及相应的出屑槽。

Thefunctionoftheflutesistoprovideoutletpassagesforthechipsgeneratedduring

thedrillingoperationandalsotoallowlubricantsandcoolantstoreachthecutting

edgesandthesurfacebeingmachined.Followingisasurveyofthecommonlyused

drills.

出屑槽的功能是给钻削作业中产生的切屑提供排出通道，并允许润滑剂和冷却液到达切削刃

和正在被加工的表面。下面是常用钻头的概述。

Twistdrill.Thetwistdrillisthemostcommontypeofdrill.Ithastwo

cuttingedgesandtwohelicalflutesthatcontinueoverthelengthofthedrillbody,

asshowninFig.12.1.Thedrillalsoconsistsofaneckandashankthatcanbeeither

straightortapered.

麻花钻：麻花钻是最常用的钻头类型。它有两条切削刃和两条沿钻头体全长连续的螺

旋状出屑槽，如图12.1所示。麻花钻还包括钻颈和钻柄，钻柄可以是直的也可以是锥形的。

Inthelattercase,theshankisfittedbythewedgeactionintothetaperedsocket

ofthespindleandhasata