换言之翻译第四章讲义.pdf

6Textualequivalence:cohesion

Cohesion:衔接Anetworkoflexical,grammatical,andotherrelationswhichprovidelinksbetween

variouspartsofatext,andwhichorganizeandcreateatext;asurfacerelationwhichconnectstogether

theactualwordsandexpressionsthatwecanseeorhear.(p180)

[Theconnectionbetweensuccessivesentencesintexts,conversations,etc.,insofarasitcanbe

describedintermsofspecificsyntacticunits.]

Cohesivedevices

HallidayandHasan：fivemaincohesivedevicesinEnglish:

reference,

substitution,

ellipsis,

conjunction,

lexicalcohesion.

Thesedevicesareprobablycommontoalargenumberoflanguages.However,differentlanguages

havedifferentpreferencesforusingspecificdevicesmorefrequentlythanothersorinspecific

combinationswhichmaynotcorrespondtoEnglishpatternsofcohesion.Forinstance,

pronominalizationisveryfrequentinEnglishbutisrarelyusedinJapaneseandChinese.Lexical

repetitionisfarmorefrequentinHebrewthanitisinEnglish.p211

CohesionisalsoachievedbyavarietyofdevicesotherthanthosementionedbyHallidayandHasan

anddiscussedabove.Theseinclude,forinstance,continuityoftense,consistencyofstyle,and

punctuationdevicessuchascolonsandsemi-colons,which,likeconjunctions,indicatehowdifferent

partsofthetextrelatetoeachother.Itisworthnotingherethatunmotivatedshiftsinstyle,acommon

pitfallintranslation,canseriouslydisruptthecohesionandcoherenceofatext.p211

6.1Reference

Definition:therelationshipofidentitywhichholdsbetweentwolinguisticexpressions.P181

E.g.

MrsThatcherhasresigned.Sheannouncedherdecisionthismorning.

Mrs.Thatcherhasresigned.Thisdelightedheropponents.

p181

Coreference

amatterofrealworldknowle