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托福阅读TPO68R-3ResearchintoAgingandExtendingLifeSpan
原文1
译文4
题目7
答案14
背景知识15
原文
ResearchintoAgingandExtendingLifeSpan
①Themountingevidenceforagegenesthatinfluencetheaging
processisbynomeansconclusive,butitisquiteimpressive,coming
fromavarietyofindependentresearchfromaginginwormsandfruit
fliestoantioxidantsandgenerepairmechanisms,andhuman
mutations.Still,theconnectionsarecircumstantial.
②ChristopherWills,professorofbiologyattheUniversityofCalifornia
inSanDiego,thinksthatby2025sciencewilllikelyisolatethe
mammalianagegenesinmice.Weshareroughly75percentofour
geneswithmiceandhavemuchthesamebodychemistry;thisisa
strongreasontobelievethatanagegenefoundinmicecouldalsobe
1
atworkinhumans.Ifsuchgenesarelocated,thenextstepwouldbeto
findoutiftheseagegeneshavetheircounterpartsinhumans.Wills
believesthatiftheyarefoundinhumans,theymayextendthehuman
lifespanperhapsto150years.
③Butby2020,whenpersonalizedDNAsequencingbecomes
widespread,asecondtacticmayprovefruitfulaswell.Byanalyzing
populationsofhealthyindividualsintheirninetiesandbeyond,
scientistswillfinditpossibletousecomputerstocomparetheir
geneticbackgroundsandcross-checkforsimilaritiesinkeygenesthat
aresuspectedofinfluencingaging.Acombinationofstudiesonthe
DNAoflong-livedanimalsandonthepersonalizedDNAsequencesof
elderlyindividualsmayconsiderablynarrowdownthesearchforthe
agegene.
④Asyet,noneofthesemethodscanprovethatwecanincreasethe
humanlifespan.Indeed,theonlytheorywithaproventrackrecordof
extendingthelifespanofanimalsisthecaloricrestrictiontheory,
whichstatesthatanimalswhichconsumecaloriesjustabovestarvation
levelslivesignific
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