2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists单元主.pdfVIP

UNIT1单元主题训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Withoutbreaksofinfectious(感染性的)diseasesmakingheadlinesaroundthe

world,scientistsareunderpressuretounderstandthedriversthatinfluencethe

transmissionofpathogens(病菌的传播)inordertobetterpredictandcontroldisease

outbreaks.

InthewildsofBotswana,apathogencalledM.mungihasadifferentwayof

infectingthebandedmongoose(asmallfurryanimalthatkillssnakesandrats).The

pathogenspreadsfromanimaltoanimalthroughscent(气味)marks.“Scentmarksare

depositedintotheenvironmentandcontainsmellsignalsthatconveyinformationfrom

onemongoosetoanother，”explainedKathleenAlexander,awildlifebiologist,who

ledthenewstudy.

Toconducttheirexperiment,AlexanderandCaroleAnneNicholsmonitoredthe

movementsandcommunicationofabout500bandedmongoosesinprotectedpark

landscapes,urbanenvironments,andotherplaceswithvaryingcharacteristicsin

Botswana.Inthisway,researcherswereabletogaininsightintothemannerinwhich

landtypeandanimalbehaviourinteracttoinfluencethespreadofthepathogen.The

resultwasacomprehensivedatasetofmongoosebehaviouralinteractionsacrossa

rangeoflandscapetypes.

Inhigh-traffic,predator-rich(食肉动物多的)environments,suchasurban

centresornationalparks,themongoosesstayedconstantlyalerted(警觉的),devoting

theirenergytoscanningthesurroundingenvironmentandpreparingthemselvesfor

escaping.Thissuperawarenesslikelykeptthemsafefromdanger,butitalsogreatly

curtailedtheircontactwithothers,reducingthepossibilitythatM.mungiwould

spread.“Ify