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Transmission(mechanics)

Atransmissionorgearboxprovidesspeedandtorque

conversionsfromarotatingpowersourcetoanotherdevice

usinggearratios.InBritishEnglishthetermtransmission

referstothewholedrivetrain,includinggearbox,clutch,

propshaft(forrear-wheeldrive),differentialandfinaldrive

shafts.Themostcommonuseisinmotorvehicles,wherethe

transmissionadaptstheoutputoftheinternalcombustion

enginetothedrivewheels.Suchenginesneedtooperateata

relativelyhighrotationalspeed,whichisinappropriatefor

starting,stopping,andslowertravel.Thetransmission

reducesthehigherenginespeedtotheslowerwheelspeed,

increasingtorqueintheprocess.Transmissionsarealsoused

onpedalbicycles,fixedmachines,andanywhereelserotational

speedandtorqueneedstobeadapted.

Often,atransmissionwillhavemultiplegearratios(or

simplygears),withtheabilitytoswitchbetweenthemas

speedvaries.Thisswitchingmaybedonemanually(bythe

operator),orautomatically.Directional(forwardandreverse)

controlmayalsobeprovided.Single-ratiotransmissionsalso

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exist,whichsimplychangethespeedandtorque(andsometimes

direction)ofmotoroutput.

Inmotorvehicleapplications,thetransmissionwill

generallybeconnectedtothecrankshaftoftheengine.The

outputofthetransmissionistransmittedviadriveshafttoone

ormoredifferentials,whichinturndrivethewheels.While

adifferentialmayalsoprovidegear