托福基础阅读讲义(一).ppt

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2025-01-19 发布于上海
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托福基础阅读讲义(一).ppt

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移民（migrants）大量涌入(streaminto)，人口大幅上升(denselypopulated)农村人口大量涌入城市城市化与工业化互相促进feedoneachother技术革新technologicalinnovation城市是社会变革领导者(civicleader)城市贫民生活依然艰难(severepoverty)农村对城市有偏见(bias)ProductHinterland:theplacewherefarawayfromthecoastorcityHinterlandCityServiceTheearlyUnitedStatesarepredominatelyrural.Accordingtothe1790census,95%ofthepopulationlivedinthecountryside.The5%ofAmericanslivinginurbanareaslivedmostlyinsmallvillages.OnlyPhiladelphia,NewYork,andBostonhadmorethan15,000inhabitantsUntilthemiddleofthe19thcentury,thecenterofthecitywasthemostfashionableplacetolive.Merchants,lawyersandmanufacturersbuiltsubstantialtownhousesonthemainthoroughfareswithinwalkingdistanceofthedocks,warehouse,officescourtsandshopswheretheyworked.Poorpeoplelivedindarkalleysandcourtyardsofthecentralcity.Markets,shops,tavernsandconcerthallsprovidedservicesandentertainment.Themiddleclasseslivedalittlefartherfromthecenter,andotherpoorpeoplelivedinthesuburbs.TheseweretheancestorstomodernNativeAmericansintheUnitedStatesandAlaskanNativepeoples,aswellasallindigenouspeoplesoftheAmericas.MississippiancultureAround900–1450ADtheMississippianculturedevelopedandspreadthroughtheEasternUnitedStates,primarilyalongtherivervalleys.ThelocationwheretheMississippiancultureisfirstclearlydevelopedislocatedinIllinois.ColonialPeriodAfteraperiodofexplorationbypeoplefromvariousEuropeancountries,Spanish,Dutch,English,French,Swedish,andPortuguesesettlementswereestablished.Inthe15thcentury,Europeansbroughthorses,cattle,andhogstotheAmericasand,inturn,tookbacktoEuropecorn,potatoes,tobacco,beans,andsquashChristopherColumbuswasthefirstEuropeantosetfootonwhatwouldonedaybecomeU.S.territorywhenhecametoPuert