北师大版七年级数学下册第一章4整式的除法课件.ppt

4整式的除法课时目标素养达成1.理解单项式除以单项式、多项式除以单项式的运算法则运算能力、应用意识2.会进行单项式除以单项式、多项式除以单项式的整式除法运算抽象能力、推理能力1.计算6x3÷3x2的结果是()A.x B.2x C.2x5 D.2x62.计算(25x2y-5xy2)÷5xy的结果等于()A.-5x+y B.5x-y C.-5x+1 D.-5x-13.计算:(-9x2+3x)÷(-3x)=_________.?BB3x-1单项式除以单项式(运算能力)【典例1】(教材再开发·P27例补充)计算:(1)(2024·广州白云期中)(-2x2y3)3÷(-x2)2.(2)7.2×1012÷(-3.6×109).【自主解答】(1)原式=-8x6y9÷x4=-8x2y9.(2)原式=[7.2÷(-3.6)]×(1012÷109)=-2×103.1.(2024·深圳龙华质检)25x2y3÷(-5xy)的运算结果是()A.-5x2y B.5xy2C.5x2y D.-5xy2【解析】25x2y3÷(-5xy)=-5xy2.D2.(2024·珠海十一中一模)计算:8x3y÷(2x)2=________.?【解析】原式=8x3y÷4x2=2xy.2xy多项式除以单项式(运算能力)【典例2】(教材再开发·P28习题T1补充)计算:(1)(2024·河源龙川期末)[(2a)2-4ab+2a]÷2a.(2)计算:(12m4n-9m2n2+3m3)÷(-3m2).【自主解答】(1)原式=(4a2-4ab+2a)÷2a=2a-2b+1.(2)原式=12m4n÷(-3m2)-9m2n2÷(-3m2)+3m3÷(-3m2)=-4m2n+3n2-m.1.(2024·茂名电白期中)(10x2y-5xy2)÷(-5xy)的结果是()A.2x+y B.2x-yC.-2x-y D.-2x+y【解析】(10x2y-5xy2)÷(-5xy)=10x2y÷(-5xy)-5xy2÷(-5xy)=-2x+y.D2.一个长方形的面积是xy2-x2y,若长为xy,那么宽为()A.x-y B.y-xC.x+y D.-x-y【解析】长方形的宽为:(xy2-x2y)÷xy=xy2÷xy-x2y÷xy=y-x.B1.(2024·佛山顺德质检)计算(-4x3+2x)÷2x的结果正确的是()A.-8x4+4x2 B.-4x3C.-2x D.-2x2+1【解析】(-4x3+2x)÷2x=-2x2+1.D?3.计算:(1)(2024·深圳南山质检)(-3xy2)2·(-6x2y)÷(9x4y5).(2)[(3a-b)2+(a+b)(a-b)]÷2a.【解析】(1)原式=9x2y4·(-6x2y)÷(9x4y5)=-54x4y5÷(9x4y5)=-6.(2)原式=(9a2-6ab+b2+a2-b2)÷2a=(10a2-6ab)÷2a=5a-3b.知识点1单项式除以单项式1.计算-14x3y3÷7x2y的结果是()A.2x B.-2x C.2y2 D.-2xy2【解析】原式=[(-14)÷7]·(x3÷x2)·(y3÷y)=-2xy2.D2.已知28a3bm÷(28anb2)=b2,那么m,n的值分别为()A.4,3 B.4,1 C.1,3 D.2,3A知识点2多项式除以单项式3.计算(x3-2x2y)÷(-x2)的结果是()A.x-2y B.-x+2yC.-x-2 D.-x+2【解析】原式=x3÷(-x2)-2x2y÷(-x2)=-x+2y.B4.(2024·清远英德期中)计算:(9a3b2-3ab)÷3ab=__________.?【解析】原式=9a3b2÷3ab-3ab÷3ab=3a2b-1.3a2b-15.计算:(12m4n-9m2n2+3m3)÷(-3m2).【解析】(12m4n-9m2n2+3m3)÷(-3m2)=12m4n÷(-3m2)-9m2n2÷(-3m2)+3m3÷(-3m2)=-4m2n+3n2-m.知识点3整式的混合运算6.计算[(-a2)3-3a2(-a2)]÷(-a)2的结果是()A.-a3+3a2 B.a3-3a2C.-a4+3a2 D.-a4+a2【解析】原式=(-a6+3a4)÷a2=-a4+3a2.C7.[(x+y)2-(x-y)2]÷4xy=______