英语语法01语法层次.pptVIP

Words:TypesofEnglishWordsIntermsoffunction（按功能分）Closedclasswords(封闭类词，虚词)Openclasswords(开放类词，实词)(functionwords,封闭类词，虚词)这类词无词形变化，数量小Closedclasswords01andinthetheyshallPreposition,pronoun,determiner,conjunction,auxiliary02Openclasswords(contentwords,开放类词，实词)noun,adjective,adverb,mainverb,numerals(cardinal,ordinal)这类词有词形变化，数量很大boy?boys good?bestthree?thirty borrow?borrowedborrowingTypesofEnglishWordsIntermsofstructure（按结构分）simplewords（简单词）derivativewords（派生词）compoundwords（复合词）0102Simpleword（简单词）01Alsocalled“morphemeword，单词素词”02（不能再分为更小的词素）03e.g.:foot,head,car,near,by,in…04 2)Derivatives(派生词)： Formedby:stem+affixes e.g.:uncover;harmless;education… 【e--duc--at-ion】Review: Syntacticaffixes:worked,redden,graceful Semanticaffixes:superman,cooker, antibody须注意：syntactic和semantic的区分不是绝对的，句法性词缀也可能有语义价值：employervs.employeetrainervs.traineeinterviewervs.interviewee而有的语义性词缀也可以有不同的词性：beautifulvs.handful psychotic/neuroticantibiotic/armymedicCompounds(复合词)：InEnglish,manywordsareformedbycombiningtwoormorewordstogetherandthesewordsarecalledcompoundwords.Contentwordssuchasnouns,verbsandadjectivescanallbeformedinthisfashion.123 Compounding:thecombinationofdifferentwordsorwordpartstoformanewword:A)CompoundNouns:n.+n.workshop,bookshelf,lifesaver,color-filmpron.+n.she-wolf,he-bear,he-mann.+v.sunrise,sunset,shoplift,power-cutv.+n.scarecrow,telltale,breakfast,turncoat a.+n.greenhouse,red-tape,busybody,bluebookCompoundAdjectives:a.+n.+ed.smooth-tongued,cold-blooded,narrow-minded,high-nosedn.+v.+ed.heart-broken,weather-beaten,home-made,heartfeltn.+v.+ing.peace-keeping,law-abiding,time-saving,truth-