隧道施工任务一初期支护TaskInitialSuppor.pptx

Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

项目六支护施工Project6Supportconstruction任务一初期支护Task1InitialSupport

锚杆的种类Typesofanchorrods

学习目标2知识目标Knowledgeobjectives通过本任务的学习，学生应该了解锚杆的种类、掌握各种锚杆的特点。Throughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldunderstandthetypesofanchorsandmasterthecharacteristicsofvariousanchors.能力目标Competencyobjectives通过本任务的学习，学生应能初步具备根据不同的地质判断选择何种锚杆的能力Throughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldbeabletoinitiallyhavetheabilitytochoosewhichanchorrodtochooseaccordingtodifferentgeologicaljudgments

一、概述自支护Self-support支护Support人工支护Artificialsupport永久支护Permanentsupport自支护：围岩自身所具备的的支护能力；Self-support:thesupportingabilityofthesurroundingrockitself;人工支护：在自支护能力不充分的条件下，人为采取的措施。Artificialsupport:measurestakenartificiallyundertheconditionthattheself-supportcapacityisinsufficient.人工支护通常又分为一次支护（初期支护）和二次支护（衬砌）两大类。Artificialsupportisusuallydividedintotwocategories:primarysupport(initialsupport)andsecondarysupport(lining).

一、概述Overview初期支护作为隧道开挖后及时施工的人为支护又称一次支护，主要为喷锚组合体系。Theinitialsupportisalsoknownasaprimarysupportasaman-madesupportfortimelyconstructionaftertunnelexcavation,whichismainlyacombinationsystemofsprayanchors.锚喷支护是喷混凝土、锚杆、钢筋网、喷射钢纤维混凝土、钢架等结构组合起来的支护形式。Anchorspraysupportisacombinationofsprayconcrete,anchorrod,steelmesh,spraysteelfiberconcrete,steelframeandotherstructures.特点：柔性特性，使得它在与围岩体共同变形的过程中，能有效地调整围岩应力，控制围岩作有限度的变形，进而将围岩体与锚喷支护构成统一的承载体系。Features:Flexiblecharacteristics,sothatintheprocessofcommondeformationwiththesurroundingrockbody,itcaneffectivelyadjustthesurroundingrockstress,controlthesurroundingrockforlimiteddeformation,andthenformaunifiedbearingsystembetweenthesurroundingrockmassandtheanchorspraysupport.

四、锚杆Fourth,theanchorrod（一）锚杆的支护机理Thesupportmechanismoftheanchorrod1.悬吊效果Suspensioneffect把隧道洞壁上由于爆破开挖后而松动的岩块，用锚杆固定在深层的坚固稳定的岩体上，防止掉落以起到悬吊效应。Therocksonthewallofthetunnelthathavebeenl