人体结构与功能 8-The hypothalamus and thermoregulation学习资料.ppt

*Consumptionreflexestateevaluate*fire*封闭sealedapparatusconsumption*calory*High–proteinmealshivering*诊断diagnose*axil*规律的disciplinary*接触touchconduct*radiation*glucose*Conceptofa“set-point”fortemperaturecontrolTheset-pointofthenormalbodyisabout37°CPO/AHareaplaytheroleofthe“set-point”SkinandCoreTemperatureSkintemperaturethetemperatureoftheskinandtissuesimmediatelyunderlyingtheskin.risesandfallswiththetemperatureofthesurroundingsCoretemperaturethetemperatureofthedeeptissuesofthebody–the“core”ofthebody.remainsalmostconstant,varyingnotmorethan1°CRectalT:36.9-37.9°COralT:36.7-37.7°CAxillaryT:36.0-37.4°CRangeofBodyTemperatureFactorsaffectingnormaltemperatureCircadianrhythmIntheearlymorning,thebodyTisthelowest.Inlateafternoonorearlyevening,itisthehighest.AgeNewbornchildadultoldpersonSexWomenman0.3°CMuscularactivityOtherfactors:emotion,eating,changeinclimateHeatProductionBMRofallthecellsExtrametabolismcausedbymuscleactivityhormone(thyroxine,growthhormoneandtestosterone)theeffectofepinephrine,norepinephrineandsympatheticstimulationonthecellsincreasedchemicalactivityinthecellsthemselvesHeatLossThemajororgantolossheatistheskinBloodflowtotheskinfromthebodycoreprovidesheattransferMethodsofheatlossfromtheskintothesurroundingsEffectofEnvironmentairTemperatureonConductanceofHeatfromtheBody1)Insensibleperspiration2)SweatingInnervatedmainlybysympatheticcholinergicnerve(acetylcholine)CausedbynervousreflexMechanismofsweatsecretionPrimarysecretionreabsorptionSweat(urea,lacticacid,K+)EvaporationRegulationofthebodytemperatureBehavioralcontrolofthebodytemperatureAutonomiccontrolofthebodytemperatureFeedbackmechanismsofregulation