人体结构与功能 7-Elements of cellular and molecular neuroscience-transmitter学习资料.ppt

*Opioidpeptides*POMC:Proopiomelanocortin(阿黑皮原）Proenkephalin（脑啡肽原）*OpioidreceptorGPCR:μ:β-EP(midbrainandthalamus)κ:DynAandDynBδ:L-ENKandβ-EPAgonist:Morphine(吗啡)Codeine(可待因）Antagonist:Naloxone(纳洛酮）*NORobertF.FurchgottLouisJ.IgnarroFeridMurad1998:NobelprizeforPhysiologyorMedicine*DifferentiabetweenclassicaltransmittersandNONOClassicaltransmittersSynthesisenzymaticpromotionenzymaticpromotionStoragenovesiclevesicleReleasediffuseexocytosisTerminationdiffuseenzymaticdegradationorreuptakeReceptoreffectenzymereceptorEffectingsiteextensivemainlyatsynapseDirectionbidirectionalunidirectional*Synthesis,release,andterminationofNO*NOeNOS:Smoothmusclerelaxation;nNOS:Involvedin1)memoryandlearning;2)regulationofneurotransmitterrelease.*EmphasesNeurotransmittercategoriesAch、NE5-HTSSRINMDAreceptorGABAAreceptorDifferentiabetweenclassicaltransmittersandneuropeptidesNOsignalpathway*InLEMS,antibodiesagainstVGCC,particularlytheP/Q-typeVGCC,decreasetheamountofcalciumthatcanenterthenerveending,hencelessacetylcholinecanbemobilizedtotheneuromuscularjunction达中枢神经系统后的毒素，主要结合在灰质中突触小体膜的神经节甙脂上，使其不能释放抑制性递质（甘氨酸或氨基丁酸），以致α运动神经系统失去正常的抑制性，引起特征性的全身横纹肌的紧张性收缩或阵发性痉挛**单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)是常用抗抑郁药，它主要通过抑制单胺氧化酶(MAO)的活性，减少脑内5-羟色胺(5-HT)和去甲肾上腺素(NA)的氧化降解失活，从而使脑内受体部位的NA含量增高，促进突触间信息传递而发挥抗抑郁作用。*吗叮呤：多潘立酮是一种具有抗呕吐作用的多巴胺受体拮抗剂，氯丙嗪：中枢多巴胺受体的阻断剂**5-羟色胺最早是从血清中发现的，又名血清素，广泛存在于哺乳动物组织中，特别在大脑皮层质及神经突触内含量很高，它也是一种抑制性神经递质。在外周组织，5-羟色胺是一种强血管收缩剂和平滑肌收缩刺激剂。在体内，5-羟色胺可以经单胺氧化酶催化成5-羟色醛以及5-羟吲哚乙酸而随尿液排出体外。**TerminationReuptake:Na+/Cl--dependenttransporterDopaminetransporter(DAT）Norepinepherinetransporter(NET)Targetofdifferentdrugs:amphetamineandcocaineEnzymaticdegradation:Monoamineoxidase(MAO): MAOI:antidepressant–phenelzine(苯乙肼)andtranylcypromine(强内心百乐明)Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) Postsynapse,Synapticcleft*St