《工商管理专业英语》课件_工商管理专业英语Unit-4.pptx

Glossary;aptly:adv.Inacompetentcapablemanner.适宜地；适当地

contingency:n.Apossibleeventoroccurrenceorresult.偶然性；[安全]意外事故；可能性；[审计]意外开支

heterogeneous:adj.Consistingofelementsthatarenotofthesamekindornature.[化学]多相的；异种的；[化学]不均匀的；由不同成分形成的

ethnicity:n.Anethnicqualityoraffiliationresultingfromracialorculturalties.种族划分

influx:n.Theprocessofflowingin.流入；汇集；河流的汇集处

spontaneity:n.Thequalityofbeingspontaneousandcomingfromnaturalfeelingswithoutconstraint.自发性；自然发生

impetus:n.Aforcethatmovessomethingalong.动力；促进；冲力

;organization:n.Agroupofpeoplewhoworktogether.组织；机构；体制；团体

planning:n.Anactofformulatingaprogramforadefinitecourseofaction.计划编制；规划；计划的实行部署；设计；策划

organize:v.Causetobestructuredororderedoroperatingaccordingtosomeprincipleoridea.组织；安排；整理；使系统化

leading:adj.Indicatingthemostimportantperformerorrole.首要的；主要的；领导的；指挥的

controlling:n.Abletocontrolordeterminepolicy.控制

reengineering:n.Therestructuringofacompanyorpartofitsoperations,espbyutilizinginformation.企业再造；再造工程；重建

;KeyTermsandConcepts;Contingencyvariables:（权变变量）Situationalfactors;variablesthatmoderatetherelationshipbetweentwoormoreothervariablesandimprovethecorrelation.

Workforcediversity:（劳动力多元化）Theincreasingheterogeneityoforganizationswiththeinclusionofdifferentgroups.

Totalqualitymanagement(TQM):（全面质量管理）Aphilosophyofmanagementthatisdrivenbytheconstantattainmentofcustomersatisfactionthroughthecontinuousimprovementofallorganizationalprocesses.

Empoweringemployees:（激励员工）Puttingemployeesinchargeofwhattheydo.

Ethicaldilemma:（道德困境）Situationinwhichanindividualisrequiredtodefinerightandwrongconduct.

;Text;WhatManagersDo;ManagementFunctions

Intheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury,aFrenchindustrialistbythenameofHenriFayolwrotethatallmanagersperformfivemanagementfunctions:Theyplan,organi