年长员工在职场中表现与认知变化研究.pdfVIP

Olddogs,newtricks

Howolderemployeesperforminthe

workce

Aspeopleage,thebrainchangesinbothgoodwaysandbad

Jan14th2017

IFYOUAREover20,lookawaynow.Yourcognitiveperformanceis

probablyalreadyonthewane.Thespeedwithwhichpeoplecanprocess

informationdeclinesatasteadyratefromasearlyastheir20s.

Acommontestofprocessingspeedisthe“digitsymbolsubstitutiontest”,in

whicharangeofsymbolsarepairedwithasetofnumbersinacode.

Participantsareshownthecode,givenarowofsymbolsandthenaskedto

writedownthecorrespondingnumberintheboxbelowwithinasetperiod.

Thereisnothingcognitivelychallengingaboutthetask;levelsofeducation

老狗，新把戏

年⻓员⼯在⼯作场所的表现如何

随着人们的增长，大脑会发生好的和坏的变化2017年1月14日

如果您超过20岁，请立即移开目光。您的认知能力可能已经在下降。人

们处理信息的速度从20多岁起就开始稳步下降。

处理速度的常⻅测试是“数字符号替换测试”，其中⼀系列符号与代码中的

⼀组数字配对。参与者会看到代码，给出⼀排符号，然后要求在规定的时间

内在下面的框中写下相应的数字。这项任务不存在任何认知；教育水平

makenodifferencetoperformance.Butagedoes.Speedconsistently

declinesaspeoplegetolder.

Whythisshouldbeisstillamatterofhypothesis,butarangeoftentative

exnationshasbeenputforward.Onepointsthefingeratmyelin,awhite,

fattysubstancethatcoatsaxons,thetendrilsthatcarrysignalsfromone

neurontoanother.Steadyreductionsinmyelinaspeopleagemaybe

slowingdowntheseconnections.Anotherpossibility,saysTimothy

Salthouse,directoroftheCognitiveAgeingLaboratoryattheUniversityof

Virginia,isdepletionofachemicalcalleddopamine,receptorsitesfor

whichdeclineinnumberwithadvancingage.

Fortunately,thereissomegoodnewstogowiththebad.