电流与电路基础.pdfVIP

Chapter18Electrical

quantities

18.1currentinelectriccircuits

Learningobjectives

•Statethatcurrentisrelatedto与…有关theflowofcharge

•Useanddescribetheuseofanammeter,bothanalogueand

digital

•Statethatcurrentinmetalsisduetoaflowofelectrons

•Showunderstandingthatacurrentisarateofflowofcharge

andrecallandusetheequationI=Q/t

•Distinguishweenthedirectionofflowofelectronsand

conventionalcurrent

•Electricitycanbeusedtotransportenergyand

information.

1.Circuit电路

•Weuseelectriccircuitstotransferenergyfroma

batteryorpowersupplytocomponents元件inthe

circuit,whichthentransfertheenergytotheir

surroundings.

•Foranelectriccurrenttoflow,twothingsareneeded:

•acompletecircuitforittoflowaround,

•andsomethingtopushitaroundthecircuit–cell,

batteryorpowersupply.

•Oncetheswitchisclosed,thereisacontinuousmetal

pathforthecurrenttoflowalong.

•Currentflowsfromthepositiveterminalofthebattery

(orcell).Itflowsthroughtheswitchandthefilament

lamp,backtotheneiveterminalofthebattery.

2.Whatiselectriccurrent?

•Currentflowsfromthepositiveterminalofthesupply,around

thecircuit,andbacktotheneiveterminal.

•Current:therateofflowofelectriccharge.

conventionalcurrentflowsfrompositivetoneive;

electronsflowfromneivetopositive.

3.Currentandcharge

•Current:therateofflowofelectriccharge.

•Electricchargeismeasuredincoulombs.

IQ

current(A)Charge(C)/time(s)

t

•Weuseanammetertomeasurecurrent.Anditisnecessary

tochooseasuitablerangeonitsscale.

•Ammeters