2008年哈佛-麻省理工数学竞赛个人赛试题.pdfVIP

1stAnnualHarvard-MITNovemberTournament

Saturday8November2008

IndividualRound

1.[2]Findtheminimumofx−2xoverallrealnumbersx.

Answer:-1Writex−2xx−2x+1−1=(x−1)−1.Since(x−1)≥0,itisclearthatthe

minimumis−1.

Alternatemethod:Thegraphofyx−2xisaparabolathatopensup.Therefore,theminimum

−b−−

occursatitsvertex,whichisat1.But1−21−1,sotheminimumis−1.

a

2.[3]Whatistheunitsdigitof7?

Answer:7Notethattheunitsdigitsof7,7,7,7,7,7,...followsthepattern7,9,3,1,7,9,3,1,....

The2009thterminthissequenceshouldbe7.

Alternatemethod:Notethattheunitsdigitof7isequalto1,sotheunitsdigitof(7)isalso

1.But(7)=7,sotheunitsdigitof7is1,andthereforetheunitsdigitof7is7.

3.[3]Howmanydiagonalsdoesaregularundecagon(11-sidedpolygon)have?

Answer:44Thereare8diagonalscomingfromthefirstvertex,8morefromthenext,7fromthe

next,6fromthenext,5fromthenext,etc.,and1fromthelast,for8+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+144

total.

Thirdmethod:Eachvertexhas8diagonalstouchingit.Thereare11vertices.Sinceeachdiagonal

·

touchestwovertices,thiscountseverydiagonaltwice,sothereare=44diagonals.

4.[4]Howmanynumbersw