精神分析学创始人与无意识理论.pptx

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ChallengeYourselfBackgroundInformation12IndexIndex

SigmundFreud(1856-1939)BackgroundInformationAnAustrianphysiologist,medicaldoctor,andpsychotherapistAninfluentialthinkerofthetwentiethcenturyandthefounderofpsychoanalysisasbothatheoryofpersonalityandatherapeuticpractice

1Theproposaloftheexistenceofanunconsciouselementinthemindwhichinfluencesconsciousness,andofconflictsinitbetweenvarioussetsofforcesTheclaimoftheimportanceofachild’ssemi-consciousnessofsexasafactorinmentaldevelopment Thecontroversialtheoryofthesexualoriginofneuroses

TheCooperativeLearningCenterAresearchandtrainingCenterfocusingonhowstudentsshouldinteractwitheachother ApartoftheCollegeofEducationattheUniversityofMinnesotaforover20years Thetrainingofthecooperativelearningcenterincludinginstructorsfrompre-schoolthroughcollegeinallsubjectareas

GradePointAverage(GPA)Ineducation,agrade(ormark)isateacher’sstandardizedevaluationofastudent’swork.Insomecountries,evaluationscanbeexpressedquantifiably,andcalculatedintoanumericgradepointaverage(GPA),whichisusedasametricbyemployersandotherstoassessandcomparestudents.Acumulativegradepointaverage(CGPA)isthemeanGPAfromallterms,whereasGPAmayonlyrefertoasingleterm.

GradesintheUnitedSates Classicalfive-pointdiscreteevaluationwithgradesisthesystemmostcommonlyusedintheUnitedStates,buttherearemanyvariations.Therearealsoafewschoolsthateschewdiscreteevaluation(lettergrading)infavorofpurediscursiveevaluation.ThereisnostandardizedsystemofgradingintheUnitedStates,astheseissuesareleftuptoindividualuniversities,schools,andstates.

GradesintheUnitedStatesaregenerallyassignedbyaletter:A(highestgrade,excellent),B(aboveaverage),C(average),D(usuallytheminimumpassinggrade